Грамматика английского языка



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Lisicina Grammatika angl azika


participle. 
 
1. The town in which I grew up made cars. … I  grew up in a car-making town… 
2. We hired a design team based in Singapore. …We hired... 
3. Her performance at the Olympic Games broke a number of records. …It was a.... 
4. The public square was lined with trees. …The public square... 
 
These are a little more difficult. Can you suggest answers? 
 
5. Tom is a builder who works for himself. … Tom is a ... . 
6. The new ‘Aircap’ is a device that saves a lot of effort and time. … The new ‘Air-
cap’ is ... . 
7. The dispute had been going on for a long time. … It was a .... . 
8. The consequences of the proposals will have a great influence on many people. 
… The consequences of the proposals are ... . 


67 
 
Dangling Participle = Misrelated Partici
ple 
(неправильно 
соотнесенное причастие)
 
= Illogical Participial Modifier
 
 
◄ Exercises ►
 
Exercise 64. Read and study Dangling Participle. 
 
Placement: If a Participial Phrase is used in a sentence as an attribute or an adverbial 
modifier, it must be correctly related: used as an attribute, it should be placed imme-
diately after the word it modifies. In the adverbial function the Participle should have 
logically the same subject as the predicate of the whole sentence. Misrelated Parti-
ciples are a very bad mistake in English. 
 
Compare: 
 
Illogical:  Carrying a heavy pile of books, his foot caught on a step. 
(the sentence is 
wrong) 
Correct:
 
Carrying a heavy pile of books, he caught his foot on a step. (= While he 
was carrying a heavy pile of books, he caught his foot on a step.) 
 
In the first sentence there is no clear indication of who or what is performing the ac-
tion expressed in the participle ‘carrying’. Certainly ‘foot’ can’t be logically unders-
tood to function in this way. This situation is an example of a dangling modifier error 
since the modifier (the participial phrase) is not modifying any specific noun in the 
sentence and is thus left “dangling”. Since a person must be doing ‘the carrying’ for 
the sentence to make sense, a noun or pronoun that refers to a person must be in the 
place immediately after the participial phrase, as in the second sentence. 
(
dangling
 - 
висящий, свисающий, болтающийся

 
Illogical:  Guiding us through the museum, a special explanation was given by 
the director. 
Correct: Guiding us through the museum, the director gave us a special explana-
tion. (= While the director was guiding us through the museum, he gave us a spe-
cial explanation.) 
 
Illogical:  Having apprehended the hijackers, they were whisked off to FBI head-
quarters by the security guards. 
Correct: Having apprehended the hijackers, the security guards whisked them off 
to FBI headquarters. (= After the security guards had apprehended the hijackers, 
they whisked them off to FBI headquarters.) 
or: Having been apprehended, the hijackers were whisked off to FBI headquar-
ters by the security guards. (After the hijackers had been apprehended, they were 
whisked off to FBI headquarters.) 
[
to apprehend
 - арестовывать, задерживать; 
hijacker
 - угонщик самолёта; воздушный пират; 
to whisk 
off
 - быстро увозить; 
FBI 

от 
Federal Bureau of Investigation
 - ФБР, Федеральное бюро 
расследований (США)
; headquarters
 - главное управление, центр;
 security guard
 - конвоир, 
охранник; телохранитель] 
 


68 
 
Remember that the noun appearing after the comma must be the logical subject 
of the ‘verb + ing’. 
Exercise 65. Following the examples given above, correct these illogical parti-
cipial modifiers. You may have to reword the principal clause and add a subject. 
 
1.
 Being thoroughly dissatisfied with the picture, it was hidden in the closet. 
2.
 Seeing the advancing army, all valuables were hidden under the stair well. 
3.
 Plunging into the water, the drowning child was rescued. 
4.
 Criticizing the defendant for his cruel behavior, the sentence was handed down by 
the judge. 
5.
 After painting the car, it was given to the man’s wife by the man. 
6.
 Being an early riser, it was easy for Edna to adjust to her company’s new summer 
schedule. 
7.
 After winning the tennis match, the victory made Nancy jump for joy. 
8.
 Having wandered through the mountain passes for days, an abandoned shack 
(хижина, хибара)
 where they could take shelter was discovered by the hikers. 
9.
 Being very protective of its young, all those who approach the nest are attacked by 
the mother eagle. 
10.
 Before playing ball, a two-minute period of silence was observed by the baseball 
players for their recently deceased teammate. 
11.
 Before singing the school song, a poem was recited by the students. 
12.
 Moaning with pain, a young doctor examined the victim. 
13.
 When using the device, it must be remembered that it may be dangerous. 
14.
 Getting up at five, an early start was possible for us. 
15.
 Having been told to do it, there was not a moment to lose. 
16.
 Starting out as an army officer, they frequently transferred Karen’s father. 
17.
 Facing college standards, it was clear for the students that they hadn’t worked 
hard enough in high school. 
18.
 Being asked for her opinion, her face blushed. 
19.
 Coming along the street, an idea struck me. 
 


69 
 
Punctuation 
 
o  (1) When a participial phrase begins a sentence, a comma should be placed 
after the phrase. 
 
• 
Feeling tired, I went to bed early. 
• 
Arriving at the store, I found that it was closed. 
• 
Washing and polishing the car, Frank developed sore muscles. 
• 
Starting out as an army officer, Karen's father was frequently transferred. 
 
o  (2) If the participle or participial phrase comes in the middle of a sentence, it 
should be set off with commas only if the information is not essential to the 
meaning of the sentence. 
 
• 
Sid, watching an old movie, drifted in and out of sleep. 
• 
The church, destroyed by a fire, was never rebuilt 
• 
Applicants must investigate various colleges, learning as much as possible about 
them, before applying for admission. 
• 
Mrs. Sears, showing more bravery than wisdom, invited thirty boys and girls to a 
party. 
 
o  (3) If the participial phrase is essential to the meaning of the sentence, no 
commas should be used. 
 
• 
The student earning the highest grade point average will receive a special 
award. 
(grade point average – GPA - 
средний балл

• 
The guy wearing the white costume is my cousin. 
• 
The crying boy angered by the bully began to fight.
 (
bully
 - задира, забияка; хулиган, дра-
чун)
 
• 
The student left in charge of the class was unable to keep order. 
 
o   (4) If a participial phrase comes at the end of a sentence, a comma usually 
precedes the phrase if it modifies an earlier word in the sentence but not if 
the phrase directly follows the word it modifies. 
 
• 
Tom nervously watched the woman, alarmed by her silence. 
(The phrase modifies 
‘Tom’, not ‘woman’.) 
• 
The stars hung low over their heads, glaring brightly down.
 
• 
The local residents often saw Ken wandering through the streets. 
(The phrase mod-
ifies ‘Ken’, not ‘residents’.) 
 
 


70 
 
◄► Predicative Constructions with the Participle ◄►
 
 
In Modern English we find the following predicative constructions with the Parti-
ciple: 
 
  The Objective Participial Construction 
  The Subjective Participial Construction 
  The Nominative Absolute Participial Construction 
  The Prepositional Absolute Participial Construction 
 
o  The Objective Participial Construction 
(Объектный причастный оборот/объектный падеж с причастием) 
 
Function: Complex Object 
 
The Objective Participial Construction is a construction in which the participle is in 
predicate relation to a noun in the common case or a pronoun in the objective case. In 
the sentence this construction has the function of a complex object. In Russian it 
usually corresponds to a subordinate object clause. 
 
• 
I saw him crossing the street. 
Я видел, что он переходит улицу. 
(‘him crossing’ is the Objective Participial Construction, it is used in the function 
of  a complex object. The participle ‘crossing’ is in predicate relation to the pro-
noun ‘he’ which is in the objective case - ‘him’; ‘him’ is the doer of the action ex-
pressed by the participle ‘crossing’.) 
 
•  Note: In many cases, however, the translation depends on the verb it refers to and 
on the requirements of the Russian usage. 
► (A) The Objective Participial Construction  
with Participle I may be found: 
 
•  (1) after the verbs denoting sense perception, such as: 
to see, to hear, to feel,
 
to watch
 
наблюдать,
 to notice
 
замечать, обращать внимание,
 to observe
 
наблюдать, следить,
 to perceive
 
воспринимать, ощущать, понимать, осознавать,
 to overhear
 
подслушивать,
 to 
imagine 
воображать, понимать, представлять себе,
 
to smell
 
чувствовать запах; пахнуть, иметь запах, нюхать 
 
• 
I saw John playing tennis. 
Я видел, как Джон играет в теннис. 
• 
We heard them singing. 
Мы слышали, как они поют. 
• 
She felt the tears coming into her eyes. 
• 
I watched him leaving the house. 
• 
Did you notice anyone standing at the gate? 
• 
We observed the accused man entering the bank. 
• 
I was still looking after him when I perceived Florence approaching. 


71 
 
• 
Can you imagine me becoming a teacher? 
Ты можешь себе представить, что я стану учи-
телем?
 
• 
I can smell something burning. 
 
•  (2) after the verbs: to listen to, to catch
 заставать; обнаруживать
, to find
 находить; заставать
, to 
keep
 вынуждать, заставлять (к-л ч-л делать)
, to leave
 оставлять
, to discover
 узнавать, обнаруживать, нахо-
дить 
 
• 
We opened the door for a moment and looked out at the windy night and listened 
to the trees groaning. 
• 
Father was supposed to be working, but when I came in I caught him napping. 
Я 
думал, что отец работает, но когда вошел, то застал его спящим.
 
• 
When he arrived, he found the boy reading. 
• 
Don’t keep me waiting. I’m in a hurry. 
• 
They left me waiting outside. 
 
•  (3) after the verbs of causative meaning:
 
to have 
довести до, заставить, добиться,
  won’t 
have
 
не допущу, не позволю,
 can’t have 
не допущу,
 
не позволю
 (we refer to circumstances we are not pre-
pared to tolerate)
, to get …
 
going
 взяться за дело, начать действовать, заставить
, to set
 
довести до, заставить,
 
to start 
запускать; пускать в ход; вводить в действие 
 
• 
He had us laughing.
 Он смешил нас. (Он заставлял нас смеяться.) 
• 
I’ll have you swimming in a week. 
Ты у меня будешь плавать через неделю. (Я сделаю так, 
что ты будешь плавать через неделю). 
• 
I won’t have them speaking like that about your father. 
Я не допущу, чтобы они так 
говорили о вашем отце. 
• 
We can’t have him teasing the child. 
Мы не позволим ему дразнить ребенка. 
• 
She got all her guests going the moment she felt sleepy. 
Она заставила всех своих гос-
тей уйти, как только ей захотелось спать.
 
 
• 
My joke set everybody laughing. 
• 
Please, help me to start these mechanisms working. 
• 
Can you start that engine going? 
 
▼ Note 1: Cf. somebody doing – somebody do 
 
o  I saw him crossing the street. 
(the -ing form generally refers to an action in progress.) 
→ I saw him cross the street. 
(= I saw the action from beginning to end.) 
o  I saw him running. 
Я видел, как он бежал (Я видел его бегущим). 
Cf
.
 
→ I saw him run. 
Я видел, как он пробежал. 
o  I watched a pavement-artist drawing a portrait in crayons. 
(i.e. the action was 
probably in progress when I arrived)
 → I watched a pavement-artist draw a portrait 
in crayons.
 
(i.e. I saw the action from beginning to end) 
(
crayon
 - цветной карандаш; мелок 
(белый или цветной)
 
o  I heard someone unlock the door/unlocking the door. 
(Either the bare infinitive or -
ing form can describe a short action.) 
o  I could hear him cough. 
(once)
 → Cf. I could hear him coughing. 
(repeatedly)
 
  (We do not use -ing form for very short actions.) 


72 
 
o  The crowd watched the fireman climb the ladder, break  a window on the first 
floor, and enter the building.
 
  (For a series of actions, we prefer the bare infinitive.) 
 
  Если некоторое законченное действие воспринималось с начала и до конца, то обычно 
употребляется конструкция с инфинитивом без частицы ‘to’. 

I saw him cross the street. 
Я видел, как он перешел улицу. 

We watched him draw the portrait. 
Мы наблюдали, как он нарисовал портрет. 
  Если важно, что некоторое действие, необязательно законченное, воспринимается (вос-
принималось) в его развитии, то употребляется конструкция с Present Participle: 

I saw him crossing the street. Я видел, как он переходил улицу. 
 
▼ Note 2: 
 
● The passive -ing form (being done) may also be used though it is not very com-
mon. Its reference is the same as that of the active voice. 
(Сложное дополнение при гла-
голе восприятия может содержать причастие настоящего времени страдательного залога 
(
be-
ing done
). 
  (The passive -ing form but not the passive infinitive can follow a verb of 
perception.) 
 
o  I saw him being taken away by the policeman. 
Я видел, как его уводил полицейский.
 
o  I could hear furniture being smashed. 
o  I noticed Rubin being shouted at hilariously
 
(весёло, шумно)
 by Sammikins. 
o  “Have my wild flowers been watered this afternoon?” Joanna said. “Freddie, did 
you see them being watered at all?
 
(wild flowers - 
полевые цветы
)
 
 
▼ Note 3: 
 
● 
Конструкции 
to have somebody doing something
 и 
to have somebody do something
 
употребляются в значении 
‘заставить кого-либо делать что-то; сделать так, чтобы некото-
рое событие произошло (происходило)’. 
 
• 
Isn’t it funny to have me writing to you a letter when I see you every day? 
• 
You should have the doctor look at your ear.
 
Ты должен показать свое ухо доктору 
(Ты должен сделать так, чтобы доктор посмотрел твое ухо). 
• 
The teacher had us call out seven random words

Учитель попросил нас произнести 
семь произвольных слов. 
 
● 
Конструкции
 won’t have
 
somebody doing something
 и 
won’t have somebody do 
something
 употребляются в значении ‘не допущу’. 
 
• 
I won’t have you calling him Daniel any more. 
Я не допущу, чтобы вы продолжали 
называть его Даниэлем. 
• 
I won’t have you smoking at your age!
 
• 
I won’t have him think that I am selfish.
 
Я не допущу, чтобы он считал меня эгои-
стом. 
 


73 
 
Summary 
◄► 
The Objective Participial Construction with Participle I 
◄►
 
 
Function: Complex Object 
 
▪ The Objective Participial Construction with Participle I may be found after: 
1)  the verbs denoting sense 
perception: 
to see 
to hear 
to feel 
to watch
 
наблюдать
 
to notice
 
замечать, обращать внима-
ние
 
to observe
 
наблюдать, следить
 
to perceive
 
воспринимать, ощу-
щать,
 
понимать, осознавать 
to overhear
 
подслушивать
 
to imagine
 
воображать, понимать, 
представлять себе 
to smell
 
smb doing smth 
 
 
 

I saw him playing tennis. 

Did you hear me knocking? 

She could feel her heart beating wildly. 

I watched him drawing the portrait.
 
Я наблю-
дал за тем, как он рисовал портрет. 

It is difficult to imagine him marrying any-
one. 
Трудно представить, что он вообще на ком-
либо женится. 

Do you smell something burning? 
2) to listen to 
smb doing smth 

I listened to them talking about the picture. 
3) to catch
 
заставать; обнаружи-
вать
 
to find
 
находить; заставать
 
to keep
 
вынуждать, заставлять (к-
л ч-л делать) 
to leave
 
оставлять
 
to discover
 
узнавать, обнаружи-
вать, находить 
smb doing smth 
 

I caught them taking my peaches.
 
Я застал их, 
когда они брали мои персики./Я схватил их, когда 
они брали мои персики. 

I found him crying bitterly. 
Я застала его в сле-
зах./Я нашла его горько плачущим./Когда она нашла 
его, он горько плакал. 

I’m sorry I’ve kept you waiting. 
Извините, я 
заставил вас ждать. 

I left him talking to Jack.
 
Я оставил его разгова-
ривающим с Джеком./ Когда я уходил, он говорил с 
Джеком. 

I discovered them swimming in our pool.
 
Я 
обнаружил, что они плавают в нашем пруду.
4) the verbs of causative 
meaning: 
to have
 
довести до, заставить, 
добиться 
 
won’t have
 
не допущу, не позво-
лю
 
can’t have
 
не допущу,
 
не позво-
лю
 
 
to get … going
 взяться за дело, 
начать действовать, заставить 
to set
 
довести до, заставить 
to start
 
запускать; пускать в ход; 
вводить в действие 
smb doing smth 
 

He had them speaking English in 6 months.
Он добился того, что они заговорили по-английски 
за шесть месяцев. (Он сделал так, что они заговори-
ли по-английски за шесть месяцев.) 

I won’t have you wasting so much time on 
trifles.
 
Я не допущу, чтобы ты тратил так много 
времени на пустяки. 

I can’t have him making so much noise when 
everybody is asleep.
 
Я не допущу, чтобы он так 
шумел, когда все спят. 

The new director will soon get the firm going.
 
Новый директор скоро заставит фирму заработать. 

Your words set me thinking.
 
Твои слова заста-
вили меня думать.
 


74 
 
◄ Exercises ►  
The Objective Participial Construction  
(with Participle I)
 
 
Exercise 66. Point out the Objective Participial Construction with Participle I. State 
the syntactical function and translate the sentences into Russian. 
 
1. I saw him running across the field. (‘him running’ is  the Objective Participial 
Construction in the function of a Complex Object.) 
2. I looked up and saw him watching my reflection in the looking-glass. 3. When 
Mary opened her eyes, she saw Nina standing by her side. 4. Have you ever seen him 
playing football? 5. I saw him taking the book. 6. Then he looked out of the window 
and saw clouds gathering. 7. We saw the troops marching along the road. 8. As soon 
as I was outside the door, I heard her talking to herself. 9. She heard her heart beat-
ing. 10. We heard the door closing. 11. I heard the people exchanging their impres-
sions of the play. 12. I have never heard them speaking English. 13. I heard the visi-
tor walking restlessly
 
(постоянно, с беспокойством)
 backwards and forwards. 14. Then in the 
complete silence of the night he heard somebody opening the door quietly. 15. As I 
was looking this over, I heard the doors which led on to the main corridor being 
opened. 16. As I looked out at the garden, I heard a motor-truck 
(грузовой автомобиль)
 start-
ing on the road. 17. I’ve never heard you talking like this about him. 18. I felt him 
looking at me now and again. 19. He felt the bridge shaking under his feet. 20. The 
woman stood at the door and watched the children playing. 21. At that moment I no-
ticed Charles sitting a little farther in the hall. 22. I can’t imagine her cooking. 23. Do 
you smell something burning? 24 I found the child crying bitterly. 25. When he ar-
rived, he found me reading a book. 26. He found Dora reading a novel in their bed-
room. 26 We’ll keep the old house going somehow. 27. Don’t shout. You will have 
the neighbours complaining. 28. One afternoon in August I saw something that sur-
prised me and set me thinking. 29. What has set the dog barking? 30. You words set 
me thinking. 31. They soon got (started) things going. 32. He won’t have them going 
out so late. 
 
Exercise 67.  Re-word these sentences so as to use the Objective Participial Con-
struction with Participle I. 
 
Pattern: He could feel that his heart was throbbing weakly. →

 He could feel his 
heart throbbing weakly.
 (to throb-
сильно биться

 
1. It was a black day when London heard how the enemy was bombarding Cha-
tham. 
(Chatham – Чатем, город в Великобритании, графство Кент, Англия) 
2. In the evenings I 
used to hear how he was playing passages of his own compositions.
 
3. He saw that 
drinks were being served an hour after the permitted hours.
 
4. They noticed that the 
two small children were playing  in the yard.
 
5. The flight attendant watched how 
the passengers were climbing the ramp. 
(ramp=boarding ramp-
посадочный трап
)
 
6. They 
heard  how the public-address system announced it was necessary to fasten the 


75 
 
safety-belts. 7. He felt how the plane was losing altitude on the approach to the 
aerodrome 8. I noticed that you were looking at the drawings upstairs.
 
9. He was al-
lowed to watch how the instruments were being prepared for the operation.
 
 
Exercise 68. 
Use Participle I of the verbs in brackets to form a Complex Object: 
 
Pattern: A moment later they heard her bedroom door (to shut) with a bang. →

 A 
moment later they heard her bedroom door shutting with a bang. 
 
1. She watched him (to work) for a long time. 2. I’ve never heard your canary (to 
sing). Is there anything the matter with the bird? 3. She watched him (to pass) the 
gate and (to walk) down the street. 4. Through the chink 
(
щель
)
 in the shutters 
(
ставни; 
мн. жалюзи
)
 she watched Emma (to pick) cherries in the orchard. 5. You can see him (to 
work) in his little garden every day. 6. She had never heard philosophy (to pass) 
those lips before. 7. Together they watched the old oak (to drop) its leaves. 8. He 
found them (to sit) together and (to talk) peacefully. They did not notice him (to ap-
proach). 9. He felt the water (to reach) his knees. 10. She felt her voice (to tremble) 
and tried to control herself. 11. We saw him (to open) the envelope and (to read) 
something hastily. 12. I saw him (to unfold) the telegram slowly and hesitatingly
 
(
нерешительно
)
 as though he expected it to contain some bad news. 13. He heard the 
young people (to sing) and (to shout) from the opposite bank. 
 
Exercise 69. Use the Objective Participial Construction instead of the Russian sub-
ordinate clause with Participle I. 
 
1. Once in the plane he saw (как его жена и дети махали ему на прощание). 
2. Those who stayed outside watched (как самолет набирал скорость). 
3. It is very pleasant to find (что эти проблемы обсуждаются в вашем журнале). 
4. They were surprised to hear (что письмо читали уже второй раз). 
5. They observed (как он осторожно входил в комнату). 
 
Exercise 70. Answer the questions using Participle I as part of a complex object: 
 
1. Did you hear voices calling for help? 2. Did you notice anyone standing at the 
gate? 3. Did you hear them calling each other names? 4. You don’t like to see ani-
mals being treated cruelly, do you? 5. Can you smell something burning? 6. Did you 
see Mary looking into a shop window? 7. Did they leave you waiting outside? 8. Did 
you see them being carried off by the police? 9. Did the news leave you wondering 
what would happen next? 
 
Exercise 71. Translate the following sentences from Russian into English 
 
1. Он наблюдал, как люди торопились к поездам. 2. Он слышал, как течет вода. 
(to flow)
 3. Он видел, что я смотрел на фотографию. 4. Он нашел/обнаружил Фок-
са разговаривающим в кухне. 
(to find; Fох)
 5. Я видел, что Джон играет в теннис. 


76 
 
6. Она открыла окно и наблюдала, как ее дети играли в саду. 7. В детстве я час-
то слышал, как моя мать пела эту песню. 8. Кто-нибудь видел, как он уходил? 9. 
Я застал его в слезах. 
(to find)
 10. Она спала, когда я уходил. 
(to leave)
 11. Мы виде-
ли, как он искал что-то на земле. 
(on the ground)
 12. Он заметил, что кто-то следит 
за ним и, поняв это, решил изменить свой путь. 13. Я никогда не слышала, как 
он говорит по-английски. 14. Я никогда не видел, как вы танцуете. 15. Вы слы-
шите, что я к вам обращаюсь? 16. Я не слышала, что он задавал мне вопрос. 17. 
Я не заметила, как поезд тронулся. 18. Они наблюдали, как мальчики прыгали в 
воду. 19. Не беспокойтесь. Я добьюсь, чтобы она все делала как надо. 
(to have)
 
20. Я не могу представить, чтобы она варила или шила. 21. Джон не хотел ока-
заться играющим роль учителя.
 (to find oneself)
   
22. Он видел, как Артур наливал 
себе чашку кофе. 
(to pour)
 
23. Он чувствовал, как у него дрожали руки.
 
24. Когда 
Жорж увидел, как Том пересекал улицу, он помахал ему рукой.
 
25. Полли рабо-
тала в саду и не слышала, как звонил телефон.
 
26. Ты когда-нибудь видел, как 
они играют в шахматы.27. Я вздрогнул
 
(to start)
, когда почувствовал, как кто-то 
прикоснулся к моему плечу. 28. Стены нашего дома очень тонкие, и я слышу, 
как соседка играет на пианино. 
 
Exercise 72. Say that you won’t allow them to do it. 
 
Моdel: to do it → I won’t (can’t) have you doing it.
 Я не допущу, чтобы вы делали это.
 
 
Prompts: to force your views on everyone else, to take away reference books from 
the study, to tell lies, to cheat at the lesson, to miss your lessons, to put off till tomor-
row what you can do today, to speak to me in such a tone, to be rude to me, to act 
unwisely, to keep bad companies. 
 
Exercise 73. Have a talk with your instructor. 
 
Model:  to swim → How long will it take me to learn to swim? - I’ll have you 
swimming by the end of the next month.
 Сколько времени мне потребуется, чтобы нау-
читься плавать? - Ты у меня будешь плавать к концу следующего месяца. (Я сделаю так, что ты бу-
дешь плавать к концу следующего месяца./Я добьюсь, что ты будешь …) 
 
Prompts: to skate, to dance, to dive, to sail, to ski, to write shorthand, to type, to 
cook, to play the flute, to speak English, to knit. 
 
 
 


77 
 
► (B) The Objective Participial Construction with Participle II 
 may be found: 
 
a) after the verbs denoting sense perception: to see, to hear, to feel, to watch 
 
• 
I have never heard him spoken of badly. 
Я никогда не слышал, чтобы о нем плохо отзы-
вались.
 
• 
Have you ever heard this opera sung in Italian? 
Ты когда-нибудь слышал, чтобы эту 
оперу пели по-итальянски?
 
• 
Despite himself Maurice felt his attention caught. 
• 
I felt myself seized round the neck from behind. 
Я почувствовал, как кто-то сзади схва-
тил меня за шею

(After ‘feel’ the object is often a reflexive pronoun)
 
 
b) to find, to leave, to keep 
 
• 
She found the picture damaged. 
• 
On arriving at the cottage she found it locked. 
• 
He was annoyed to find his door unlocked. 
Он забеспокоился, обнаружив, что дверь бы-
ла не заперта. 
• 
We have left the things undone.
 
 
c) after the verbs of mental activity: to think, to believe, to consider, to understand 
 
• 
I consider myself engaged to Mr. Brown. 
Я считаю себя помолвленной с мистером 
Брауном.
 
• 
Some people I met during that period thought themselves destined to become his-
torical figures. 
• 
And yet, no one can believe himself utterly foredoomed 
(
обречен
).
 (
to foredoom
 - 
предре-
шать (судьбу), предопределять; обрекать на что-л
.)
 
 
d) after the verbs denoting wish: to want, to wish, to desire, to prefer, would like 
• 
I want it done quickly. 
Я хочу, чтобы это было сделано быстро.
 
• 
Be careful washing those glasses! I don’t want them broken. 
• 
None of their community desired him deceived like that. 
Никто из их круга не испы-
тывал желания, чтобы его так обманули. 
• 
If he is good, we ought to take him. But I would like that proved. 
 
e) after the verbs of causative meaning:
 
to have, to get, to make, won’t have
 
не до-
пущу, не позволю,
 can’t have 
не допущу, не позволю
 
 
• 
I had my tooth pulled out yesterday. 
(= My tooth was pulled out.) 
• 
You should have your blood pressure tested.
 
• 
You’ll never guess where I had the suit made.
 
• 
They had coffee brought out into the garden after lunch.
 
• 
I got the piano tuned. 
(= I made someone tune the piano.)
 


78 
 
• 
As I was busy finishing the article, I got the new fellow sent instead of me. 
• 
I couldn’t make myself heard. 
• 
I had been thinking of some way of escaping but the thought of their chasing me 
made me frightened. 
• 
I won’t have him spoken to like that. 
Я не допущу/не позволю, чтобы с ним разговаривали 
таким образом. 
• 
I can’t have my friend laughed at.
 
 
  Notes: 
 

to have something done
 

to get something done
 
● After the verbs to have and to get the Objective Participial Construction shows that 
the action expressed by the participle is performed at the request of the person de-
noted by the subject of the sentence. 
 
• 
We had/got the car delivered to the airport. (= it was delivered) 
• 
While I was in Singapore, I had/got my eyes tested. (= they were tested) 
(Got
 in this pattern is normally only used in conversation and informal writing.) 
• 
I had my coat altered. 
Я переделала пальто (т.е. поручила кому-то переделать его).
 
 
●  In interrogative and negative sentences the auxiliary verb to do is used (in the 
Present Indefinite Tense): 
 
• 
When did you have your hair done? – I had my hair done yesterday.
 
• 
Why don’t you have your hair waved? 
Почему вы не завьетесь (не сделаете завивку? 
– I 
don’t usually have my hair waved. 
• 
Have you ever had your hair waved? 
Вы когда-нибудь делали завивку?
 
 
● In colloquial English the verb to have may be substituted by to have got. 
• 
He has got his country house painted inside and out. 
 
● Non-causative ‘have’ and ‘get’ can be used for accidents, disasters, etc. that hap-
pen beyond our control or if it is clear that the person referred to in the subject of the 
sentence is not responsible for or has no control over what happens: 
In informal speech some people use get in sentences like this. 
 
• 
King Charles had his head cut off. 
• 
I’ve recently had my appendix removed. 
• 
She had her house destroyed in an earthquake. 
• 
They had their car broken into again. 
• 
Don’t join in their argument or you might get your nose punched. 
(i.e. that’s what 
might happen to you.) 
(to punch - 
нанести удар кулаком

• 
Sue got her fingers trapped in the bicycle chain. 
(= Sue trapped her fingers)
 
 
●● Though ‘have’ and ‘get’ are often used interchangeably; in the causative ‘get’ is 
more limited. 
 


79 
 
• 
But even if you work hard, it takes a long time to write a novel. And you have to 
get it published. 
• 
How did she get herself invited? 
 
● ‘Get’ is stronger than ‘have’. 
We use ‘get’ when we say that the person referred to in the subject of the sentence 
does something  themselves, causes what happens, perhaps accidentally, or is to 
blame for it: 
 
• 
I’ll get the house cleaned if you cook the dinner. (= I’ll clean the house) 
• 
I must get this car serviced soon. 
 
● With ‘get’ there is a suggestion of difficulty, which would not be conveyed by 
‘had’. 
 
• 
I finally got my roof repaired. 
• 
Do you have time to get the car washed this morning? 
У тебя есть время с утра съез-
дить помыть машину? (
to get- 
сделать; вызывать некоторое действие
)
 
 
● ‘Get’ sounds more natural than ‘have’ in the imperatives: 
• 
Get your hair cut!  
• 
Get your eyes tested! 
 
● In suggestion with: Why don’t you…?, ‘get’ is much stronger than ‘have’: 
 
• 
Why don’t you have your hair cut? 
(neutral suggestion)
 
• 
Why don’t you get your hair cut? 
(almost an order)
 
 
● We prefer have if we want to focus on the result of the action rather than the ac-
tion itself:  
 
• 
I’ll have the house cleaned by the time you get home. 
• 
Sue had her fingers trapped in the bike chain for half an hour. 
 
● We use won’t have or will not have 
=
 не допущу, не позволю
, ( 
not
 get) if we want to 
say that we won’t allow something to happen to someone or something: 
 
• 
I won’t have my name dragged through the dirt by the press.
 
• 
Once and for all, Salter, I will not have a barrier erected between me and my 
staff.
 
 
● Notice that the word order is important. Compare: 
• 
We had the car delivered to the airport. (=Someone else delivered the car) and 
• 
We had delivered the car to the airport. (= Past Perfect; we delivered the car) 
 
 
 


80 
 
Summary 
◄► 
The Objective Participial Construction with Participle II 
◄►
 
 
Function: Complex Object 
 
▪ The Objective Participial Construction with Participle II may be found after: 
1. the verbs denoting sense 
perception: 
to see 
to hear 
to feel 
  to watch 
 
to find 
  to leave 
to keep 
smb done 
 
smth done

I heard his name mentioned several times.
Я слы-
шал, как его имя несколько раз упоминали. 

I saw him taken away by the police.
 
Я видел, что его 
забрала полиция. 

She found the picture damaged.
 

He left the work unfinished.
 Он оставил работу неза-
конченной.
 
2. the verbs of mental activity:
 
to think 
to believe 
to consider 
to understand 
smb done 
 
smth done

She considered the problem solved. 
Она считала, 
что проблеме решена. 

He thought her married long ago.
 
Он думал, что она 
уже давно замужем. 
3
. the verbs denoting wish: 
to want 
to wish 
to desire 
to prefer 
would like 
smb done 
 
smth done

I want the work finished by Saturday. 
Я хочу, чтобы 
работа была закончена к субботе.
 

I prefer my house  redecorated. (=I prefer my 
house to be redecorated.)
 Я предпочитаю, чтобы мой 
дом был заново отремонтирован. 

I’d like my car serviced, please. (=I’d like my car 
to be serviced, please.)
 
Я бы хотел, чтобы мою маши-
ну отремонтировали. 
4. 
 
the verbs of causative 
meaning:
 
(
causative
 –каузативный, 
причинный; выражающий связь при-
чины и следствия) 
to have 
to get  
to make 
(
We use the causative to stress the 
fact that we are ‘causing’ someone 
else to perform a service for us
.) 
 
won’t have
 
не допущу, не позволю
 
can’t have
  
не допущу, не позволю
 
smb done 
 
smth done

I have my shoes cleaned every day.
 

I had my hair cut yesterday.
 
Я сделала стрижку вче-
ра. 

When did you have your hair cut? 

We must get out tickets registered.
 
Мы должны 
зарегистрировать наши билеты. 

He soon made his presence felt.
 
Скоро почувствова-
лось его присутствие. 
 
 

I won’t have my best friend laughed at.
 
Я не до-
пущу, чтобы над моим лучшим другом смеялись. 
 
 
 
 
 
 


81 
 
◄ Exercises ► 
The Objective Participial Construction  
(with Participle II) 
 
Exercise 74. Point out the Objective Participial Construction with Participle II. 
State the syntactical function and translate the sentences into Russian. 
 
1. I saw Jane addressed by a stranger. (‘Jane addressed’ is the Objective Participi-
al Construction in the function of a Complex Object.) 
2. I heard my name mentioned. 3. Turning into Green Street, she heard her name 
called. 4. I haven’t heard the piece played before. 5. Despite himself, Maurice felt his 
attention caught. 6. Mrs. Mooney watched the table cleared and the broken bread col-
lected. 7. I found the texts published. 8. I found the article typed. 9. They found the 
door locked. 10. I found her dressed for the party. 11. We found the village burnt to 
the ground. 12. Bernard found himself compelled to read and give his opinion on one 
or two books. 13. We consider the boat lost. 14. I want these letters typed at once. 15. 
I want to have my photo taken. 16. He did not want his name mentioned. 17. He 
wanted the article translated. 18. I want my article published. 19. He wants his watch 
mended. 20. I want it done as soon as possible.
 
21. I want my photo taken.
 
22. I 
would like it done right away. 23. The speaker made himself heard with the help of a 
microphone. 24. I have my shoes cleaned every morning. 25. Where does she have 
her dresses made? 26. I’d like my house painted. 27. You should have your chest X-
rayed. 28. But what if he had his money stolen? 29. But this friend of yours looks odd 
to me and he gets himself talked about.
 
 
Exercise  75.  Point out the Complex Object  with Participle II. Translate the sen-
tences into Russian. 
 
1. He had his luggage sent to the station. (‘luggage sent’ is a Complex Object with 

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