Participial phrase as parenthesis.
1. All things considered, there was nothing to be done now.
Exercise 37.
Point out Participle II and state its functions in the sentence.
1. His name was well known among the younger writers of France. 2. London, like
most cities which have a long history behind them, is not really one single city, but
rather a collection of once separated towns and villages, which in the course of time
have grown together. 3. The broad thoroughfare which runs between Trafalgar
52
Square and the Houses of Parliament is known as Whitehall. 4. The child kept silent
and looked frightened. 5. He lived in a little village situated at the foot of a hill. 6. He
fell asleep exhausted by his journey. 7. If you hadn’t caught sight of him at the door,
he might have slipped out unnoticed. 8. In the coppice
(рощица; подлесок)
they sat down
on a fallen tree. 9. Locked in her room, she flung herself on the bed and cried bitterly.
10. She entered the drawing-room accompanied by her husband and her father.
11. Presently I grew tired and went to bed.
Exercise 38. Особенности перевода Past Participle некоторых глаголов в функ-
ции определения.
Past Participle непереходных глаголов и некоторых английских переходных глаголов,
соответствующих русским непереходным глаголам (to follow, to influence и др.), в
функции
определения переводится на русский язык определительным придаточным
предложением.
1. The article just referred to is pub-
lished in today’s newspaper (which has
just been referred to).
Статья, на которую только что ссы-
лались, опубликована в сегодняшней
газете.
2. The students spoken about at the
meeting yesterday are here now (who
were spoken about).
Студенты, о которых вчера говорили
на собрании, сейчас здесь.
3. The doctor sent for on such occasions
lived in the next village (who was sent
for).
Доктор, за которым посылали в таких
случаях, жил в соседней деревне.
4. The meeting attended by many of our
students ended very late yesterday (which
was attended by many of our students).
Собрание,
на котором присутствовали
многие наши студенты, окончилось вчера
очень поздно.
5. The hot weather followed by a period
of rains did a lot of good to growing
crops (=The hot weather which was fol-
lowed by a period of …)
Жаркая погода,
за которой последовал
период дождей, оказалась благоприятной
для произрастающих культур.
Cf.: ● Letters written by my sister are
difficult to read.
● The letters being written by the engi-
neer will be signed by the director.
Письма,
написанные моей сестрой, труд-
но читать.
Письма,
которые сейчас пишет этот ин-
женер, будут подписаны директором.
Exercise 39. Место определения, выраженного причастием.
(1) Причастие с пояснительными словами в английском языке стоит только после оп-
ределяемого существительного. В русском языке оно может стоять как после опреде-
ляемого существительного, так и перед ним.
•
We are discussing the article written
by you.
Мы обсуждаем
статью, написанную вами.
= Мы обсуждаем
написанную вами статью.
•
The man standing at the window is
our teacher.
Мужчина, стоящий у окна, наш препо-
даватель. = Стоящий у окна мужчина -
наш преподаватель.
53
(2) Причастие же без пояснительных слов обычно в английском языке стоит перед
определяемым существительным (как и в русском языке), если выражает
качество
(т.е. приближается по значению к
прилагательному).
•
There were a few broken chairs in the
room.
В комнате было несколько сломанных
стульев.
(3) Если такое причастие имеет ярко выраженное
глагольное значение, оно в англий-
ском языке обычно стоит
после определяемого существительного. При переводе на
русский язык такое одиночное причастие следует ставить перед определяемым суще-
ствительным.
•
The task set is very difficult.
Поставленная задача очень трудна.
•
The telegram sent was signed by
the director.
Отправленная телеграмма была подписана
директором.
•
A cheer went up from the crowds watching. (or ...the crowds that were watching.)
•
We had to pay for the rooms used. (or ...the rooms that were used.)
(4)
A few participles are used immediately after nouns, but rarely before them:
•
None of the candidates applying was accepted (but not ...the applying candidates...).
•
My watch was among the things taken (but not ...the taken things).
•
We could not resist all of these people combined.
►►Participles like this include: taken, caused, found, provided, used, added, ob-
tained, combined, applying
(5)
Some participles can be used before
or
immediately after nouns:
•
Rub the area infected with this antiseptic cream,
or
Rub the infected area with this
antiseptic cream.
►►Participles like this include: affected, broken, chosen, identified, interested,
remaining, resulting, stolen, suggested, required
(6) The participles concerned, involved have different meanings when they are used
before a noun and immediately after it.
•
The doctor concerned is on holiday.
(
concerned
= responsible -
занятый чем-л.; связан-
ный с чем-л.; имеющий отношение к чему-л.)
•
The concerned doctor rang for an ambulance.
(
concerned
= worried -
озабоченный
)
•
The party was excellent, and I’d like to thank all the people concerned
(
=
involved).
•
Cars drive too fast past their school and concerned teachers
(=worried)
have com-
plained to the police.
•
New regulations have come into force on the storage of dangerous chemicals. All
the companies concerned have been notified of these.
•
I did not want to go to a club for lunch in case I met Douglas or anyone involved
(=connected with him).
•
Most of the people involved in the battle are now dead.
•
The boy involved has left.
(the
boy
involved =connected with this)
•
It was a very involved explanation.
(involved explanation =complicated)
54
•
persons involved
- участвующие лица
•
an involved problem
- запутанная проблема
(7) The participle left in post-position undergoes a change of meaning and its use be-
comes structurally restricted. It is found in the construction - it modifies nouns (or
pronouns) in sentence patterns with there is (are). Left in this kind of sentences is
rendered in Russian with the help of ‘осталось’.
•
There was no evidence left.
•
Jones sucked in more whiskey, and I warned him, “There is only a quarter of a bot-
tle left.”
•
There is almost no time left.
•
There is nothing left for him to do but wait.
Exercise 40.
Replace the attributive clauses in the following sentences by phrases
with Participle II.
1. By a residential college we mean a college with a hostel which is usually situated
on the same grounds as the principal building. → By a residential college we mean a
college with a hostel usually situated on the same grounds as the principal building.
2. The slogan which was made by Mike’s brother attracted everybody’s attention.
3. The child that was left alone in the large room began to scream. 4. I have a letter
for you which was received two days ago. 5. They were all pleased with the results
which were achieved by the end of the month. 6. His words, which he uttered in an
undertone, reached my ears. 7. He said that the book which I had chosen belonged to
his grandfather. 8. I asked the librarian to show me the magazines which were sent
from
Germany. 9. Everybody felt that in the farewell dinner there was sadness which
was mingled with festivity
(веселье; праздничность).
10. We were all looking at his smiling
face which was framed in the window of the railway-carriage. 11. There was another
pause which was broken by a fit of laughing of one of the old men sitting in the first
row. 12. There lay a loaf of brown bread which was divided into two halves. 13. The
English people love their green hedges
(живая изгородь, барьер, преграда)
which are covered
with leaf and flower in summer, and a blaze
(яркий цвет)
of gold and red in autumn.
14. From his essay we learn about various goods which are produced in Birmingham
and the adjoining manufacturing towns. 15. The teacher told us that the centre of the
cotton industry is Manchester, which is connected with Liverpool by a canal. 16. In
the South of England we find fertile valleys which are divided by numerous hedges.
17. Tennis is one of the most popular games in England which is played all the year
round. 18. They say that in their college, as well as in ours, the students have lots of
exams which are held at the end of each term.
Exercise 41. Make one sentence from two, beginning as shown. Each time make par-
ticipial phrases with Participle II used as an attribute.
1. A boy was injured in the accident. He was taken to hospital.
…… The boy injured in the accident was taken to hospital. …
55
2. A window was broken in the storm last night. It has now been repaired.
The window …………………………………………………………. repaired.
3. A number of suggestions were made at the meeting. Most of them were not very
practical. Most of the suggestions.………………………….………………… .
4. Some paintings were stolen from the museum. They haven’t been found yet.
The …………………………………………………………………………… .
5. A man was arrested by the police. What was his name?
What was the name…………………………………………………………… .
Exercise 42.
Translate the following word-groups into English. Pay attention to the
place of Participle II.
иллюстрированный журнал; журнал, иллюстрированный известным художником;
разбитое стекло; стекло, разбитое накануне; сломанный карандаш; ветка, сломанная
ветром; взволнованные голоса; дети, взволнованные происшедшим; потерянный
ключ; ключ, потерянный вчера; газеты, полученные из Лондона; письмо, написанное
незнакомым почерком; закрытая дверь; дверь, запертая изнутри; девушка, пригла-
шенная на вечер; упавшее дерево; книга, упавшая со стола; украденные докумен-
ты; документы, украденные у секретаря; оконченное сочинение; сочинение, окончен-
ное в спешке; мальчик, испуганный собакой; высокоразвитая индустриальная
страна
Exercise 43. Translate the following into English using Participle II as an attribute.
1. Мэри села на упавший ствол дерева. 2. Оркестр, видимый на экране телеви-
зора в гостиной, исполнял музыку Моцарта. 3. Там было шесть коробок, туго
завернутых в старые газеты. 4. Она подошла к письменному столу
и вынула запечатанный конверт. 5. Женщина вышла из магазина и пошла
к машине, оставленной чуть ниже по улице. 6. Упавшие листья спокойно ле-
жали в пруду. 7. Оставшись один, я огляделся. 8. Застигнутые врасплох, они
не знали, что сказать. 9. В коробке было несколько негативов
(negative)
, сверну-
тых в тугой виток
(a tight coil)
.
Exercise 44.
Translate the sentences into English using Participle II.
1. Я взглянул в ее испуганное лицо и увидел слезы на глазах. 2. Англия - высо-
коразвитая индустриальная страна. 3. Ист Энд - район Лондона, населенный
рабочими. 4. Опавшие листья устилали
(to cover)
дорожки парка.
5. Окна их квартиры были ярко освещены. 6. Сколько времени хранятся вещи,
оставленные в камере хранения
(left-luggage office)
? 12. Тронутый ее слезами, он
изменил свое решение. 13. Директор подписал бумаги, принесенные секрета-
рем. 14. Вы должны выучить наизусть текст, записанный на пленку
(to record)
.
17. Его взгляд упал на зонтик, оставленный кем-то на крыльце.
18. Последние
строчки письма, написанные небрежно
(carelessly),
показывают,
что он спешил.
56
Exercise 45. Supply the appropriate conjunctions for the participles used as adverbi-
al modifiers in the following sentences (Participle II).
until
though as
though
if if if unless even
if
when
when
when
when
as if
1. He had never been known to refuse to see a patient at any hour, or to fail to make a
house call ... if … sent for. 2. The furniture was to be stored in Quebec ... sent for. 3.
She has the heart of a tigress ... roused.
(выводить из себя; раздражать)
4. A re-check, ... de-
cided on, would take most of half an hour. 5. ... told to go, Maxwell hesitated at the
door. 6. ... released, he told me of his trouble. 7. He remembered that he should not
smoke ... invited to do so. 8. “I suppose you understand you would have to go to
Canada ... engaged,” he went on. 9. Lamont bowed to him ... introduced. 10. She
stopped in the doorway ... surprised to see me sitting there. 11. ... ordered two weeks
ago, the books haven’t been delivered yet. 12. ... starved for exercise, he usually be-
gan to scrape the sidewalks with a shovel. 13. ... bored with a book, I find it difficult
to leave it unfinished.
Exercise 46. Complete these sentences with the past participle form of an appropri-
ate verb and one of these phrases.
stolen from the jeweller;
printed on the label;
given to the players;
carried out on the motorway; chosen to represent Britain;
made at today’s meeting;
damaged in the storm
1. The road repairs ...carried out on the motorway... might delay traffic.
2. The decisions ................................ will affect all of us.
3. The building ................................ will have to be demolished.
4. Jack Sullivan was the man ........................... in the 100 metres.
5. The warning ................................. about their behaviour on the pitch was ignored.
6. All the rings and necklaces ........................... have now been recovered.
7. The instructions ............................... say it should only take a few minutes to cook.
Exercise 47. Translate the following sentences into English. Participle II.
1. Дом, построенный на нашей улице, очень красив. 2. Когда его спросили, он
ответил тот час же. 3. Полученное вчера известие, напугало нас. 4. Хотя книга
была посвящена узкой теме, она представляла интерес для многих читателей. 5.
Дети играли в разрушенном коттедже. 6. Книга, взятая из библиотеки, должна
быть возвращена вовремя. 7. Он посмотрел на меня так, словно был удивлен,
видя меня здесь. 8. Было ясно, что он выиграет, если ему будет дан шанс. 9. Хо-
тя она была усталой, она выглядела счастливой. 10. Она не перестанет спорить,
пока ее не остановят.
(to interrupt)
11. Словарь, на который ссылаются, можно
найти в нашей библиотеке.
(to refer to).
12. Мы хотели, чтобы вы посмотрели кар-
тины, написанные этим молодым художником. 13. Романы, написанные этим
57
писателем, очень популярны. 14. Я думаю, что полученные сегодня утром но-
вости, интересны всем. 15. Вы должны выучить все слова, данные на странице
20. 16. Мы старались передвинуть упавшее дерево.
(to move).
17. Хотя статья бы-
ла написана трудным языком, ее легко можно было перевести. 18. Он показал
мне ручку, купленную в Москве. 19. Его имя было хорошо известно среди
(among)
молодых писателей Франции. 20. Дети были слишком взволнованы,
чтобы сказать что–либо. 21. Он молчал, как будто напуган до смерти. 22. По-
строенный на вершине холма дом, был виден издалека. 23. Когда его спросили
об этом, он не знал что ответить. 24. Нужно выбросить увядшие цветы.
(to fade -
вянуть).
25. Овощи, выращенные в теплице
(hothouse/greenhouse)
, не очень вкусные.
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