Қр денсаулық сақтау министрлігі с. Д. Асфендияров атындағЫ

Contact Hours-4

- поступил в больницу

- диагноз дольчатый (лобулярная) пневмония

- болезнь развивался постепенно

- предшествовал бронхит

- жар нерегулярный

- новые очаги в легочный ткани
2.Give antonyms to the verbs from the Text:

- to admit - to diminish

- to improve -to make worse

- to accompany - to definite

- to occlusion -to increase

- to accelerate - to dilate

- to reduce - weakness

- to enlarge -to discharge from

1.При тяжелых формах пневмонии температура обычно держится на уровне 38 С.

2.Сейчас у этого больного держится температура 38 С вследствие тяжелой формы пневмонии.

3.У этого больного держится температура на уровне 38 С. уже в течение месяца.

4.Больной всегда соблюдал постельный режим при сердечных приступах.

5.Больной соблюдал постельный режим , когда у него появился сердечный приступ.

6.В связи сердечным заболеванием больной соблюдал постельный уже три недели.
4.Choose the appropriate verb. Translate the sentences:

1.When does the physician (expect, wait for) to discharge this patient from the hospital?

2.Please (wait for, expect) the doctor a little. He will be back soon.

3.The scientist (expected, waited for) that his investigations would enable him to determine the origin of the infectious process.

Before, the patient , treating, its aetiology , to determine, it is , and,

to make a correct diagnosis, necessary, the causes of the disease , of the disease .

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1.Patient Omorov was treated at the hospital. His temperature was taken every morning. He was given the prescribed medicine and the intramuscular injection of vitamin B₆.

- to diminish –

- suddenly –

- to be constant-

- to be come worse –

- changeable –

- to fall /to drop/ -

- to include –

- malignant –

- seldom –

- sufficiency –

- a gain in weight -

- to be troubled by -

- to give attention -

- to -

- an injury-

- an impairment -

- to spread -

- a return of a disease -

- to fees-

-to attack –
10.Choose the appropriate word from those given in brackets:
1. As the condition of the patient had been gradually improving his temperature________________ considerably /reduced, rose/

2. Severe attacks of angina pectoris are accompanied by ____________ pain radiating

down the arm /sharp, moderate/

3. If the patient is suffering from rheumatic endocarditic his pulse becomes ______________ on physical exertion /accelerated, slow/

4. Partial arrest of blood circulation often results in ______________ to brain cells / the recovery, the damage/

Contact Hours 4

Clinical Picture

• 
  Students should familiarize with new lexics of the theme;
  
• 
  To make the sentences and translate them;
  
• 
  Use lexics minimum in their speech;
  
• 
  To translate the words and word-combinations with the lexical minimum.
  

• 
  The students will get acquainted with Pulmonary Tuberculosis;
  
• 
  The students should know lexics and grammar material.
  

I I

It It

They They

You You

I

He/she

We

You

1. 
   Give the Present Participle Form of the following verbs:
   

2. 
   Translate into Russian. Pay attention to the use of Past Perfect continuous in the following sentences:
   

1. 
   The patient’s high temperature had been changing but persisting for two weeks.
   
2. 
   The patient’s temperature had been persisting at a level of 38 C for about a month.
   
3. 
   Although the patient had been receiving the injections of streptomycin for several days, he showed little improvement.
   
4. 
   The patient had been complaining of a considerably muscular pain before he was admitted to the hospital.
   
5. 
   The patient had been coughing for a month by the time he was admitted to the hospital.
   

3. 
   Read and translate words and word-combinations in the brackets:
   

1. 
   It is sometimes difficult to make a correct diagnosis (в ранних стадиях) of some diseases. 2. (Потеря аппетита) is a very important symptom, which a physician must always pay particular attention to. 3. (Повышение температуры) has been persisting for several months since it was a pneumonic form of tuberculosis. 4. Dullness in the lungs, accelerated respiration, dry or moist rules and crepitation may be (доказательством) of lobular pneumonia. 5. (Резкое увеличение) of the number of leucocytes is often the evidence of a certain inflammatory process in the human body.
   

1. 
   Read and memorize the following words and word-combinations:
   

Causative agent (n) – возбудитель

Stage (n) – стадия, ступень

Malaise (n) – недомогание

Fatigue (n) – усталость

Loss (n) – потеря, утрата

Pus (n) – гной

Involve (v) – поражать, вовлечь

Profuse (a) – обильный, чрезмерный

Permanent (a) – постоянный

Benign (a) – доброкачественный

Elevation (n) – повышение, поднятие

Perspiration (n) – потение

Evidence (n) – очевидность

2. 
   Find in the right column the equivalents of English words in the left one:
   

1. 
   Causative agent гной
   
2. 
   Malaise доброкачественный
   
3. 
   Fatigue постоянный
   
4. 
   Benign потение
   
5. 
   Perspiration возбудитель
   
6. 
   Pus недомогание
   
7. 
   Permanent усталость
   

3. 
   Read and translate the following word-combinations into Russian:
   

1. 
   To complain of a general malaise
   
2. 
   A general malaise is one of the symptoms of tuberculosis
   
3. 
   A marked fatigue
   
4. 
   To suffer from a slight fatigue
   
5. 
   The discharge containing much pus
   
6. 
   Much pus was found in the sputum
   
7. 
   A benign tumor was revealed in the lungs
   
8. 
   Benign important of the kidney.
   

4. 
   Rearrange the mixed letters and write the words:
   

1. 
   Btueruclosis
   
2. 
   Nebign
   
3. 
   Tafiuge
   
4. 
   Sup
   
5. 
   Lamsaie
   

Contact Hours – 3.

1. 
   Read the text and translate it.
   

Text C. Pulmonary Tuberculosis – Clinical Picture

In the early stage of tuberculosis the patient usually complains of a general malaise, fatigue, loss of appetite and bodyweight. Cough may be dry or productive, i.e. with sputum discharge. Coughing becomes worse at night and in the morning. In patient with cavities in the lungs coughing is accompanied by a considerable discharge of sputum.

Sputum is mucopurulent. Its microscopic examination reveals a large number of pus corpuscles, erythrocytes, and tuberculous organisms. Blood in the sputum is sometimes the first sign of tuberculosis. If large blood vessels are involved the discharge of blood may become profuse.

Fever is one of the permanent symptoms of pulmonary tuberculosis. In benign processes the body temperature is often subfebrile. In active forms it may range from 38 to 39C. A considerable elevation of temperature is observed in pneumonic forms, when fever persists at a level of 38C and higher for several months.

Cold profuse perspiration at night is sometimes evidence of a severe form of tuberculosis. Loss of body weight is one of the typical signs of pulmonary tuberculosis. It is caused by tuberculous intoxication, a sharp increase in the metabolic rate and loss of appetite. Loss of body weight is particularly marked in progressive forms of the disease.

2. 
   Translate the following word-combinations into English.
   

3. 
   Read and translate the following words and word-combinations:
   

A general malaise;

A considerable fatigue;

A marked fatigue;

A slight fatigue;

A thick pus;

A benign tumor;

4. 
   Compile the sentence from these words:
   

Fever, one, tuberculosis, of, pulmonary, of the permanent, symptoms, is.

1. 
   78132654
   
2. 
   12345678
   
3. 
   56872134
   

5. 
   Complete the sentences with facts from the text.
   

1. 
   Pulmonary tuberculosis is caused by …
   
2. 
   Cough may be …
   
3. 
   Sputum is …
   
4. 
   Blood in the sputum is …
   
5. 
   In benign processes the body temperature is …
   
6. 
   Loss of bodyweight is one …
   

6. 
   Retell the text using of the words with scheme:
   

1. 
   A. M. Maslova “Essential English”
   
2. 
   Raymond Murphy, ‘Essential Grammar in use’ second edition, Cambridge University press.
   

Present Participle

1. 
   Present Participle is formed from verbal Infinitive with the help of ending –ing as corresponds to Russian Active Participle with suffixes:
   

(-ая, -ее, -ие)

2. 
   for the preservation of short vocal reading in closed syllable the end consonant is donbled by Present Participle formation:
   

3. 
   In case when the verb ends –ie, this lettercombination is changed on –yby Present Participle formation, and the ending is added:
   

4. 
   In case when the verb ends on –e, this letter islost by adding of-ing
   

Functions of Present Participle, of translation and forms are shown in Table 1.2

The lettercombination –ing is usually read as [ŋ]:

among [`m۸ŋ]

Jingle [`dзiŋgl]

liking [`laiking]

living [`liviŋ]

affecting, beliving, having, durking, sufering, being, among, consulting, bleeding

Hepatitis [hepətaitis], viral [`vaiərəl], infective [in`fektiv]

Инфекционный, гепатит,(воспаление печени), вирусный.
4. Learn the following words. Pay attention to their pronunciation.

hepatic |hi'pæetik] а печеночный bile [bail] n жёлчь duct [dAkt] n проток jaundice ['d3a:ndis] n желтуха, желтушность advance [əd'va:ns] v выдвигать (теорию, идею); продвигаться вперед effort ['еfәt] п усилие

elderly ['eldali] а пожилой survive [sə'vaiv] v выживать, остаться в живых, уцелеть; перенести (операцию) source [sэ:s] я источник entire [in'taiə] а весь, целый subsequent ['sAbsikwənt] а после- дующий simultaneous [,simal'teinjəs] a одновременный

5. Read and translate the following words and wordcombination.

1. jaundice ['d3эo:ndis]i severe jaundice, to suffer from severe jaundice, jaundice was clearly marked;

2. survive [səa'vaiv]: to survive an injury, the patient sur­vived the operation well, some viruses survive at a high temperature;

3. source [so:s]: a source of infection, a source of know­ledge, the source of virus is a sick person;

4. inadequately [in'ædikwitli]: inadequate, the patient was given an inadequate dose of medicine, inadequately treated;

5. subsequently ['sAbsikwsntli]: subsequent, subsequent examination, to invade other organs subsequently;

6. simultaneously [,siməlteinjəasli]: simultaneous, simul­taneous impairment, to be impaired simultaneously

6. Read the words and translate the sentences:

1. incubation [,inkju'beijn]: Incubation period is the time during which pathogenic microorganisms grow in the body.

3. parenterally [pa'rentsrali]: All intramuscular and intravenous injections are given parenterally, i.e. directly into the organism but not orally.

4. serum ['siәram]: Serum is the watery fluid which remains after blood has coagulated.

7. Match the words A and B

A a) severe b) high c) incubation b) pathogenic e) intravenous

B 1. person 2. microorganismis 3. temperature 4. injection 5. jaundice

Contact Hour № 2
II. 1. Read the sentences and compare them with the translation.

1. The operating surgeon must always have the necessary set of surgical instruments.	1. Оперирующий хирург всегда должен иметь необходимый набор хирургических инструментов.
2. The man sitting at the window is our doctor.	2. Человек, сидящий у окна,- наш врач.
3 Lying in bed the patient was answering the doctor's questions.	3. Лежа в постели, больной отвечал на вопросы врача
4. Carrying on the medical examination of the patient the doctor measured his blood pressure.	4.Проводя медицинский осмотр больного, врач измерил ему кровяное давление.

2. Read the grammar material and answer the questions.

a) How is Present Participle formed?

b) What changes are made when forming Present Participle from the verbs with the endings ie, e?

c) Why is the letter t doubled in Present Participle "sitting"?

d) What syntactic functions does Present Participle have?

3. Write Present Participle of the following verbs and translate them.

to bite, to face, to remain, to adjoin, to characterize, to treat

5. 
   Макс up six sentences of your own, using Present Participle in them
   

Botkin's disease, or the so-called epidemic or infectious hepatitis, is an acute viral disease affecting hepatic cells and bile ducts.

The prominent German scientist Virchow believing it to be due to obstruction of the common bile duct with mucus during inflammatory processes in the duodenum, the dis­ease was called catarrhal jaundice.

But in1880 the prominent Russian scientist S. Botkin having advanced the idea of an infectious origin of this disease, proved his suggestions by such facts as the in­volvement in this pathologic process not only of the liver but also of the nervous system, the kidneys, the enlarge­ment of the spleen, etc.

But it was not before 1940 that the term "Botkin's disease" was introduced into medicine due to the efforts of the well-known Soviet physician M. Konchalovsky.

Botkin's disease occurs in epidemic form. This disease more commonly affects children, adults as well as elderly persons suffering from it frequently too.

Botkin's disease is known to be due to a filterable virus present in the blood, liver and found in stool and urine. The virus is infective only for man. As this virus can not be seen under a usual microscope, it is revealed only by an electronic one.Being highly infective the virus survives in water, food, and on hands for days and weeks.


Text B.Types of Hepatitis.

In hepatitis the source of virus is a sick person who may spread the infection by personal contact from the last days of the incubation period during the entire course of the disease. But the infection is particularly virulent in the prodromal period and in the first week of the dis­ease. The patient's blood being highly infective, even a small dose of 0.1 ml may be dangerous for a person

In case of Virus A hepatitis infection enters the body through the mouth when eating infected food or drinking water. In case of Virus В hepatitis infection enters paren-teraly during transfusions of blood, plasma and serum, prop-hylactic vaccinations or is due to inadecuateiy sterilized instruments. Epidemic (Virus A) hepatitis most commonly occurs late in autumn, early in winter, or in spring. The incuba-tion period lasts from 14 days to 50 days, but in Virus В hepatitis it is from 2 to 6-8 months.

Botkin's disease causes inflammatory changes and degen-eration of hepatic cells and damage to the bile ducts due to which bile enters the lymph flow and subsequently the blood. The tissues of the spleen, gallbladder and the nerv-ous and endocrine systems become involved simultaneously. with the liver. .

Find in the text A the translation of the following word combinations:

Sorece of virus, sick person, incubation period, prodromal period, small dose, drinking water, inadecuately sterilized instruments, epidemic hepatitis, incubation period, hepatis cells, bile ducts, nervous and endocrine system.

Botkin`s Disease

Plan

1. 
   Definition of Botkin`s Disease.
   
2. 
   R. Virchov`s opinion about the origin of this disease.
   
3. 
   S.P. Botkin`s ideas about infections origin of this disease.
   
4. 
   M.P Konchalovsky`s scintific activity.
   
5. 
   Epidemic occurrence of Botkin`s Disease.
   
6. 
   Filterable virus, causing Botkin`s Disease.
   

Types of Hepatitis

Plan

1. 
   Source of Hepatitis infection. Prodromal period of this disease
   
2. 
   Ways of Hepatitis infection entering into human body
   
3. 
   Incubation period of hepatitis A and B.
   
4. 
   Clinical picture of Bokin`s disease
   

Literature:

1. 
   Maslova A.M. Essential English for medical students. Moscow 2002.
   
2. 
   Maslova A.M. Language laboratory. Exercises for medical students. Moscow 2002.
   
3. 
   Maslova A.M. Essential vocabulary for medical students. Moscow 2002.
   

Control:

Botkin`s Disease

1. 
   What human organs are affected by epidemic or infection hepatitis?
   
2. 
   What investigation did German scientist R. Virchov perform, connected with the problem of the hepotitis?
   
3. 
   What ideashad S.P Botkin about infections origin of hepatitis?
   
4. 
   What research work did Russian scintist M.P Konchilovsky perform, connected with the probles of hepatitis?
   
5. 
   What form does Botkin`s disease occur in?
   
6. 
   What virus causes Botkin`s disease?
   

Types of Hepatitis

1. 
   Who is the source of Hepatitis virus? When Hepatitis infection is particularly virulent?
   
2. 
   What way does Hepatitis infection enter human body in?
   
3. 
   How many days does the incubation period of Hepatitis last?
   
4. 
   What pathoplogic changes occur in human organism by hepatitis?
   

-Present and Past Participles

-Past Partisiple of regular,irregular verbs.
I.Give the present Partisiple of the given words:

to isolate-

associate-

complain-

preceed-

observe-

treat-

know-

stand-

swim-

translate-

1.It (to be),the first week of hepatitis was particulary virulent.

2.The liver (to be involved),in the inflammatory pracess,the tissues of the spleen,gallbladder and the nervous endocrine system will become impaired as well..

3.Emergensy surgery(to have been performed),for gangrenous appendicitis a year before,the patient was relieved of all painful symptoms.

4.Profuse gastric bleeding(to have bee arrested),the danger to the patient life was eliminated.

5.Translate the sentences in Absolute Partisiple Construction.

1.We observed the surgeon operating on this patient

2.The diagnosis of purulent gangrenous cholecystitis having been made,an emergency operation was performed

3.The patient has been suffering form abdominal bleeding,it being severe and profuse.

CONTACT HOUR № 2

1.Find the pairs of synonyms and remember:

Preventive, to revise, about, radiate, to involve, acute, to resulting to detirmine, lesion, entire,

To elevate,to recover,to deminish,appromimately,dry,empty,sharp,base,

Sharp восполение

Umbilical связанный с

Ducts острый

Inflammation Чувствительность

Sensitivity Бледный

Pale Болезненность

Tenderness Проток

Associate with пупочный

4.Translate the word combination into Russian:

Inflammatory disease, is know to occur rarely, involvement of the liver, to complain og intense pain, fatty food and alcohol,pain grows much worse, severe tenderness, achieved by surgical treatment

5.Find the rood of the given words and translate:

Involvement, association, intensive, localized, responsibility, observation, independent, sensitivity, irritation, dangerous, dryness, isolation.

1.Products of protein,fatt and ccarbohydrate digestion (to be absosrved) from the gastrointestinal tract by the liver in wich they(to undergo) furhur chemical processes.

2.The liver (to destroy)toxic substances which ussully (to be formed) in the intestinal tract as well as some poisons wich (to enter) the body from without.

2.Translate the sentences using Absolute Partisiple Construction into English

2.Иногда желчнокаменная болезнь сопровождается осложнениями, причем развитие холецистита является наиболее частым.

Heart, blood, lymph, serum, nerve

Sitiscysolech ..................

utecA ..................

taiepn ..................

mbulciail ...................

Contact Hours (4)

Work out

Theme: “Atherosclerosis and its Treatment”

Lexics: The words and word-combinations of the theme

Grammar: Complex Object

Urgency of the theme:

Atherosclerosis is one of the diseases of the cardiovascular system which is due to many causes. There are a number of factors which may determine its development.

It’s important to know the treatment of any disease if you are going to be a doctor; students have to show their interests in etiology and pathogenesis of the diseases.
The aim of the lesson:

Students are to know:

• 
  new words and word-combinations of the text
  
• 
  complex object
  
• 
  the text “Atherosclerosis and its Treatment”
  

• 
  use new lexims in their speech
  
• 
  use and find the complex object in the sentences
  
• 
  answer the questions
  
• 
  make up a dialogue on the theme
  

1. 
   Consolidation of the previous lesson
   
2. 
   Complex Object
   

1. 
   Complex Object
   
2. 
   “Atherosclerosis and its Treatment”
   
3. 
   The words and word-combinations of the theme
   

The material is in aid of developing reading, listening, speaking skills. Pre reading activities comprise introducing the new lexics, keeping in mind and draw their attention to the correct spelling and pronunciation. Learn the new grammar material (look at the grammar reference)

I know this surgeon (him) to operate on successfully.

Я знаю, что этот хирург (он) оперирует успешно.

I want you to come at 5.

Я хочу, чтобы вы пришли в 5 часов.

1) Сложное дополнение употребляется после глаголов:

а) выражающих желание: to want – хотеть; to wish, to desire – желать; should like, would like – хотел бы;

б) выражающих предположение: to expect – ожидать; to think – думать; to believe – полагать; считать; to suppose – полагать; to consider - считать; to find – находить, признавать;

в) выражающих приказание, просьбу, разрешение: to order, to command – приказывать; to ask – просить; to allow – разрешать и др.
Contact Hour № 2

1. Find Complex object and translate the sentences:

The physician considered the incidence of heart attacks to be associated with the nervous overstrain. The doctor wants me to have undergone the course of treatment by the end of the week. We noticed the most characteristic symptoms of rheumatic endocarditis have been eliminated since the administration of those preparations.

1. The teacher said to the pupils: “Learn the rule.”

-The teacher wanted…

2.”Be careful, or else you will spill the milk,” said my mother to me. -My mother did not want…

3. “My daughter will go to a ballet school,” said the woman.

-The woman wanted…

-The man wanted…

-The little boy wanted…

-Ann wanted…

1.I have never seen … a) как больному снимают электрокардиограмму; б) как сестра делает внутривенное вливание. 2. I would like … а) чтобы больной прошел курс рентгенотерапии; б) чтобы мой диагноз был подтвержден рентгенологическим обследованием. 3. We did not expect … а) что у этого больного будет обнаружена сердечно – сосудистая недостаточность: б) что воспалительный процессе в сердечных клапанах будет таким тяжелым.

Я хочу, чтобы все дети смеялись. Мне хотелось бы, чтобы доктор посмотрел его. Я ненавижу, когда ты забываешь свои обязанности. Пожалуйста, не заставляйте меня пить молоко. Она хочет, чтобы его картины видели во всех странах. Ребенок хотел, чтобы его мишку положили к нему в постель. Вы хотите, чтобы эту картину повесили над камином?

1. Listen and pay attention to the pronunciation of the following words and get down them in your vocabulary.

2. Repeat after the speaker.

atherosclerosis атересклероз

metabolic относящийся к обмену веществ

carbohydrate углевод

cardiovascular сердечно-сосудистый

hereditary наследственный, потомственный; переходящий из поколения

в поколение

congenital врожденный, природный

overstrain перенапряжение

vascular сосудистый

contraction сокращение

heart failure внезапная остановка сердечной деятельности, паралич сердца

to diminish убывать, уменьшаться

worse худший

changeable меняющийся, непостоянный, изменчивый,

seldom редко, нечасто, изредка

sufficiency достаток

malignant злобный, злостный

lipotropic substances липотропное вещество

regimen режим (включая диету, физическую зарядку, здоровый образ жизни)

1. Give the words of the opposite meaning:

to diminish, suddenly, to be constant, to become worse, changeable, to fall, to include, malignant, seldom, sufficiency, a gain in weight.

Hereditary, overstrain, vascular, contraction, worse, diminish, suddenly, seldom, congenital, regimen, lipotropic substances

Врожденный порок сердца, принять эффективные меры, внезапная остановка сердца, трепетание предсердий, нарушение кровоснабжения, внешние признаки, профилактические меры, умственное перенапряжения.

To administer an adequate dose of medicine, to make an incision on the cardiac wall, to complain of a general malaise and fatigue, congenital heart defects, to undergo the course of x-ray treatment, to result in heart failure.

Cardiovascular, metabolic, sufficient, regimen, atherosclerosis, lipotropic substances, external evidence, mental overstrain, cholesterol exchange.

1. ….. is one of the diseases of the cardiovascular system which is due to many causes. 2. Prevention and treatment of atherosclerosis consist mainly of a certain ……. for the patient. 3. The diet of the patients with atherosclerosis must contain ……. Amount of proteins, but fats and carbohydrates must be taken in very limited doses. 4. Vitamins are widely used in the treatment of atherosclerosis because some of them improve the ……… processes and other dilate the vessels.

6. read the text and give English equivalents to these word combinations:

Внешние признаки, профилактические меры, умственное перенапряжение, крепкий сон, врожденный порок сердца, нарушение кровоснабжение.

1. 
   Express the central idea of the first paragraph
   
2. 
   Give the summary of the text.
   
3. 
   Retell the text.
   

a) Do exercises from work-out;

b) Learn grammar material;

c) Learn the essential vocabulary of the theme.

1. 
   the text “Atherosclerosis and its Treatment”;
   
2. 
   materials of the department;
   
3. 
   “Essential English for medical students”. A. M. Maslova
   

I expected my sister to be operated on as soon as her temperature retuned to normal. The physician wanted my mother to be following a bed regimen for several days. The cardiologist considered the electrocardiogram waves to have changed after the heart attack. The physician supposed the intensity of the shadow in the lung to decrease after the treatment

The investigator observed the primary manifestation of the disease be _______ associated with the reduction of the number of Erythrocytes.

The surgeon noticed the amount of pus in the mucopurulent discharge from the wound _______ has been decreasing. The examiner saw the marked shadowing in the lung ________ have areas of various intensity.

3. Complete the questions using Complex Object and translate

Do you want __________ ?

Did you hear ___________ ?

Did anybody make _________?

Did your parents want _________?

Who has noticed __________?

The physician considered the incidence of heart attacks to be associated with the nervous overstrains. I know this surgeon to operate on successfully. The doctor wants me to have undergone the course of treatment by the end of the week. I want you to come at five. He sees me write exercises every evening.

1. Give Russian equivalents to:

Congenital heart defects, to result in heart failure, to make an incision on the cardiac wall, to radiate to the back and arm, to undergo the rupture of the blood vessel, to administer an adequate dose of medicine, to complain of a general malaise and fatigue.

Крепкий сон, принять эффективные меры, внезапная остановка сердца, трепетание предсердий, нарушение кровоснабжения, внешние признаки, профилактические меры, умственное перенапряжения.

a symptom

in addition to

to be troubled by

to give attention

to pass through

an impairment

to spread

a return of a disease

to fees

4. 
   Express the central idea of the second paragraph
   
5. 
   Give the summary of the text.
   
6. 
   Retell the text.
   

1. 
   Do exercises from work-out;
   
2. 
   Learn grammar material;
   
3. 
   Retell the text “Atherosclerosis and its Treatment”.
   

4. 
   the text “Atherosclerosis and its Treatment”;
   
5. 
   materials of the department;
   
6. 
   “Essential English for medical students”. A. M. Maslova
   

Pat attention to correct spelling and pronunciation.

palpitation [,palpi'teiЅn] n - сильное сердцебиение, трепетание

onset ['onset] n - начало; приступ

precede [pri'si:d] v - предшествовать

reading [ri:diŋz] n - показания (прибора)

slight [slait] a - слабый, тонкий; незначительный; легкий

confirm [kәn’fә:m] v - подтверждать

murmur [mә:mә] п - шум

duration [djuə'reiЅn] n - продолжительность

insist [in'sist] v - настаивать (с предлогом on)

strict [strikt] a – строгий
1.Read the words in transcription and write them:
[mә:mә] -

[.pælpiteiЅn] –

[in’sist] –

[djuə’reiЅn] –

['moderit] –

['onset] –

['maitrәl] –

[ig'zə: Ѕ(ә)n] –

2. Read and translate the word - combinations from English into Russian:
general malaise, early fatigue, cardiac discomfort, body temperature, a subfebrile
level, the patient's pulse rate, the most important readings, a soft systolic murmur.
3. Find the proper translation of the word - combination from the right column to
those from the left one:

физический (телесный) осмотр the body temperature

строгий постельный режим an inflammatory process

верхушка сердца heard murmur

органические изменения the physical examination

воспалительный процесс a strict bed regimen

шум сердца the heart apex

температура тела the organic changes

Сильное сердцебиение, важные показания прибора, начало болезни, анализ крови, рентгеновский осмотр, продолжительность болезни.

1. 
   Read and compare the following sentences:
   

1. 
   The patients saw the doctor enter the ward.
   
2. 
   Больные видели, что врач входит в палату.
   
3. 
   He left the pain increase.
   
4. 
   Он чувствовал, что боль усиливается.
   
5. 
   The students watched the nurse give an injection.
   
6. 
   Студенты наблюдали, как медсестра делает укол.
   

I expected my sister to be operated on as soon as her temperature returned to normal. The physician wanted my mother to be following a bed regimen for several days. The cardiologist considered the electrocardiogram waves to have changed after the heart attack. The physician supposed the intensity of the shadow in the lung to decrease after the treatment.

The investigator observed the primary manifestations of the disease be associated with the reduction of the number of erythrocytes. The surgeon noticed the amount of pus in the mucopurulent discharged from the wound have been decreasing. The examiner saw the marked shadowing in the lung have areas of various intensity.

1. 
   Read and translate the text " Rheumatic Endocarditis "
   
2. 
   Find in the text the sentences with the following word-combinations and translate them:
   

подтверждать, очевидно, предшествовало тонзиллитом, самые важные показания прибора, воспалительный процесс, ревматический эндокардит, сильное сердцебиение, симптомы, настаивать на строгом постельном режиме, электрокардиограмма показала, аорта.

4. 
   Find in the text the sentences with Complex object and translate them.
   
5. 
   Makeup 7 questions about the text. Work in pairs.
   

a) What most characteristic clinical manifestations has rheumatic endocarditis? b) What readings does the electrocardiogram show in case of rheumatic endocarditis?

c) How can a therapeutist determine the enlargement of the hart?

d)How ca systolic and diastolic heart murmurs be revealed in patients with rheumatic endocarditis?

e)What regimen must a patient with rheumatic endocarditis follow?
2. Give a summary of the text.

3. Work in pairs. Make the dialogues on the text "Rheumatic Endocarditis" in the
following situations:

1. 
   Between two doctors
   
2. 
   Between a doctor and a patient
   
3. 
   Between two patients
   

Palpitation, murmur, onset, inflammatory, examination, heart, cardiologist, duration

o	n	s	e	t	g	a	D	q	s	d	t
m	u	r	m	u	r	t	U	f	k	p	b
z	v	h	n	h	e	a	R	t	n	c	a
i	n	f	l	a	m	m	A	t	o	r	y
e	x	a	m	i	n	a	T	i	o	n	u
m	k	a	s	d	f	g	I	e	t	y	n
c	a	r	d	i	o	l	O	g	i	s	t
d	u	r	a	t	i	o	N	x	b	t	n

1. 
   Finish the sentences using Complex Object:
   

1. 
   Do exercises from work-out
   
2. 
   Learn grammar material
   
3. 
   Learn the active vocabulary of the theme by heart
   
4. 
   Translate the text
   

1. 
   Do exercises from the work-out
   
2. 
   Revise grammar material
   
3. 
   Make up a plan of the text retelling.
   
4. 
   Retell the text "Rheumatic Endocarditis"
   

1. 
   The text "Rheumatic Endocarditis"
   
2. 
   Materials of the department
   
3. 
   Maslova A.M. "Essential English for medical students".
   

Мамандық: 051102 « Қоғамдық денсаулық сақтау»

Құрастырды: Жантасова С.О. Сыдыкова К.

Лозенко И.В. Карымсаков А.С.

Султанова Н.Т. Жумагулова К.Ж.

Киякбаев Б.У. Алибаева Р.Н.

Сабырбаева Н.

Абдижами Д.

Алматы, 2008

• 
  to consolidate new lexical and grammar material
  
• 
  to teach the students to prepare topics about scientific research work of permanent medical scientists
  
• 
  to study the problems of Hepatitis: about types of hepatitis and clinical picture of Botkin’s disease.
  

1. 
   Pay attention to pronunciation and read the following words correctly:
   

2. 
   Read and translate the following words and word-combinations:
   

3. 
   Find the correct translation in the right column:
   

1. Bile duct 1. инкубационный период

4. Drinking water 4. клетки печени

4. 
   Translate the following words and word-combinations into English language:
   

1. 
   Quote the sentences in which the following words and word-combinations are used in the texts:
   

2. 
   Read and translate the following dialogue:
   

Student: Hepatitis occurs in epidemic form. It is a dangerous viral disease.

Teacher: What human organs are affected by hepatitis?

Student: Hepatitis affected hepatic cells and bile ducts.

Teacher: Who studied the problems of hepatitis?

Student: This problem studied prominent scientists R. Virchow, S.P. Botkin, M.P. Konchalovsky.

Teacher: What ideas had S.P. Botkin about origin of hepatitis?

Student: Prominent Russian scientist S.P. Botkin advanced the idea of an infectious origin of this disease.

Teacher: Who suffers from Botkin’s disease?

Student: This disease make commonly affects children, also adults and elderly person.

Teacher: What virus causes Botkin’s disease?

Student: Botkin’s disease occurs due to a filterable virus, present in the blood, liver, found in stool and urine.

3. 
   Complete the following dialogue according to the contents of the text “Types of Hepatitis”. Dramatize this dialogue.
   

Student: …

Teacher: When hepatitis infection is particularly virulent?

Student: …

Teacher: What way does hepatitis infection enter human body in?

Student: …

Teacher: How many days does the incubation period of hepatitis last?

Student: …

Teacher: Describe the clinical picture of hepatitis, please.

Student: …

Teacher: What is the difference between hepatitis A and B?

Student: …

Teacher: You have very good knowledge on theme “Botkin’s disease”. I give you an excellent mark.

Student: Thank you. Good bye!

4. 
   Situation.
   

1. 
   Imagine, that you are prominent scientists, studying the problems of hepatitis: R. Virchow, S.P. Botkin, M.P. Konchalovsky. Tell your opinion about origin and clinical picture of this disease to a correspondent of scientific medical magazine.
   
2. 
   Imagine, that you are a sick person and you have main symptoms of hepatitis. Tell your complaints to a doctor. Doctor must diagnose this disease correctly: what form of hepatitis (A, B, C) his patients suffers from.
   

1. 
   Complete the following sentences according to the contents of the texts: “Botkin’s disease”, “Types of Hepatitis”.
   

1. 
   Botkin’s disease is an acute viral disease, affecting …
   
2. 
   The prominent German scientist Virchow R. believing it to be due to …
   
3. 
   In 1880 the prominent Russian scientist S. Botkin having advanced the idea of …
   
4. 
   The term “ Botkin’s disease” was introduced into medicine due to …
   
5. 
   Botkin’s disease occurs in …
   
6. 
   In hepatitis the source of virus is …
   
7. 
   In case of Virus A hepatitis infection enters the body through …
   
8. 
   In case of Virus B hepatitis infection enters parenterally during …
   
9. 
   The incubation period lasts from …
   
10. 
    Botkin’s disease causes …
    

2. 
   Find synonyms to the words, printed in bold type:
   

3. 
   Translate the following sentences from English to Russian:
   

1. 
   Botkin’s disease is an acute viral disease, affecting hepatitis cells and bile ducts.
   
2. 
   The prominent German scientist Virchow R. called it catarrhal jaundice.
   
3. 
   In 1880 the prominent Russian scientist S.P. Botkin advanced an idea of infectious origin of this disease.
   
4. 
   The well-known Soviet physician M.P. Konchalovsky introduced the term “Botkin’s disease” into medicine.
   
5. 
   Botkin’s disease occurs in epidemic form.
   
6. 
   In hepatitis the source of virus is a sick person.
   
7. 
   The infection is particularly virulent in the prodromal period.
   
8. 
   In case of virus A hepatitis infection enters the body through the month.
   
9. 
   In case of virus B hepatitis infection enters parenterally during transfusion of blood.
   
10. 
    The incubation period lasts from 14 days to 50 days.
    

4. 
   Translate the following sentences from Russian into English.
   

1. 
   Болезнь Боткина – это острое вирусное заболевание, поражающие клетки печени и желчные протоки.
   
2. 
   Известный немецкий ученый Вирнов Р. Назвал заболевание натуральной желтухой.
   
3. 
   В 1880 г. известный русский ученый С.П. Боткин выдвинул идею инфекционного происхождения этого заболевания.
   
4. 
   Известный Советский ученый М.П. Кончаловский ввел в медицину термин «Болезнь Боткина».
   
5. 
   Болезнь Боткина встречается в эпидемической форме.
   
6. 
   Это заболевание чаще всего поражает детей. От него также страдают взрослые и пожилые люди.
   
7. 
   При гепатите источником вируса является больной человек.
   
8. 
   Инфекция достаточно заразна в продромальном периоде и в первую неделю болезни.
   
9. 
   В случае Вируса А гепатита инфекция попадает в тело через рот с пищей и водой.
   
10. 
    Инкубационный период заболевания длится от 14 до 50 дней.
    

5. 
   Answer the following questions:
   

1. 
   What do pathogenic microorganisms do in the human body during the period of incubation?
   
2. 
   During what period of an infectious disease haven’t its characteristic symptoms appeared yet?
   
3. 
   What does the term “parenterally” mean?
   
4. 
   What is the watery fluid which remains after blood has coagulated called?
   

6. 
   Speak on the following topics:
   

1. 
   Botkin’s disease.
   
2. 
   Research work of prominent scientists R. Virchow, S.P. Botkin, M.P. Konchalovsky, studied the problem of hepatitis.
   
3. 
   Epidemic form of Botkin’s disease.
   
4. 
   Filterable virus, causing hepatitis.
   
5. 
   Types of hepatitis.
   
6. 
   Incubation and prodromal period of hepatitis.
   
7. 
   Main differences between hepatitis A and B.
   
8. 
   Clinical picture of Botkin’s disease.
   

1. 
   Read and remember grammar material.
   

Maslova A.M. “Essential English for Medical students”, Moscow, 2002

2. 
   Answer the following questions:
   

1. 
   What syntactic function has Present Participle in sentences?
   
2. 
   What place does Present Participle take in sentences in an attributive function and as a part of Participle Construction?
   
3. 
   How is Present Participle translated in its syntactic functions?
   
4. 
   Form Present Participle from these verbs and translate them: to restore, to introduce, to establish, to connect.
   
5. 
   Determine the syntactic functions of Present Participle in these sentences. Translate them:
   

1. 
   Being at the sanatorium the patient began to feel much better. 2. I went to speak to the doctor treating my mother. 3. The changing condition of the patient became worse yesterday.
   

6. 
   Read and translate the sentences, define syntactic functions of Present Participle.
   

1. 
   The registering clerk told me when I could see the doctor.
   
2. 
   Being on a sick-leave the patient had to follow a bed regimen.
   
3. 
   Examining the patient, the doctor revealed hepatitis.
   
4. 
   The man examining the patient is our family doctor.
   

7. 
   Find Present Participle in these sentences. Translate them.
   

1. 
   The abdominal incision having been made and the stomach opened, the ulcer was found to involve the posterior wall of the stomach. 2. There being profuse external haemorrhage, the patient was immediately taken to the hospital. 3. The digestion being considerable impaired, the patient constantly complained of epigastric pains.
   

8. 
   Determine the form of Present Participle in these sentences. Translate them.
   

1. 
   The patient being admitted to the hospital, the doctor on duty examined him in the reception ward. 2. The female having being hospitalized, the generalized abdominal pain was controlled in three hours. 3. Generalized abdominal pain having increased, the doctor asked the nurse to give the patient another injection.
   

9. 
   Translate these sentences into English. Use Present Participle in translation.
   

1. 
   Так как была первая неделя гепатита, то инфекция была особенно заразна. 2. Когда была сделана операция по поводу гангренозного аппендицита, у больного были сняты все болезненные симптомы. 3. Когда обильное желудочное кровотечение было остановлено, была устранена опасность для жизни больного.
   

10. 
    Form Present Participle from the following verbs. Translate them.
    

11. 
    Translate into English.
    

1. 
   Оперирующий хирург давал указания медицинской сестре.
   
2. 
   Больной, сидящий у окна, был бледен.
   
3. 
   Осматривая больного, врач обнаружил гепатит.
   
4. 
   Врач сидел возле больного, внимательно рассматривая его рентгеновские снимки.
   

1. 
   Syllable – Salad.
   

1. in fec ti o us

2. 
   Puzzle
   

Advance, viral, survive, entire, tissue, serum, source, acute, bile, effort, hepatitis, health, hepatic, virus, duct, epidemic, period, temperature, filterable, microorganism, subsequent, simultaneous, drug, prodromal, incubation.

3. 
   Crossword
   

Answers:

Literature:

1. 
   Maslova A.M. Essential English for Medical Students. Moscow, 2002.
   
2. 
   Maslova A.M. Language Laboratory. Exercises for Medical Students. Moscow, 2002.
   
3. 
   Maslova A.M. Essential Vocabulary for Medical Students. Moscow, 2002.
   
4. 
   Cutting Edge. Student’s book, Longman, London, 2004.
   
5. 
   Cutting Edge. Workbook, Longman, London, 2004.
   

1. 
   Choose the correct auxiliary verb:
   

1. 
   are
   
2. 
   is
   
3. 
   have
   
4. 
   am
   
5. 
   has
   

2. 
   Find the correct translation of this sentence:
   

1. 
   Известный русский ученый С.П. Боткин будет выдвигать идею инфекционного происхождения гепатита.
   
2. 
   Известный русский ученый С.П. Боткин выдвигает идею инфекционного происхождения гепатита.
   
3. 
   Известный русский ученый С.П. Боткин выдвинул бы идею инфекционного происхождения гепатита.
   
4. 
   Известный русский ученый С.П. Боткин выдвинул идею инфекционного происхождения гепатита.
   

3. 
   Choose the correct auxiliary verb:
   

1. 
   are
   
2. 
   is
   
3. 
   have
   
4. 
   am
   
5. 
   has
   

4. 
   Compile the sentences from these words.
   

Form epidemic in occurs Botkin’s disease

1. 
   234516
   
2. 
   612345
   
3. 
   654321
   
4. 
   123654
   
5. 
   564321
   

5. 
   Find the general question:
   

1. 
   What human organs are affected by hepatitis?
   
2. 
   What does had S.P. Botkin about origin of hepatitis?
   
3. 
   What form does Botkin’s disease occur in?
   
4. 
   What virus causes Botkin’s disease?
   
5. 
   Does Botkin’s disease occur in epidemic form?
   

6. 
   Find the special question:
   

1. 
   Does Botkin’s disease affect hepatic cells and bile ducts?
   
2. 
   What ideas had Virchow R. about origin of hepatitis?
   
3. 
   Did S.P. Botkin advance an idea about infectious origin of hepatitis?
   
4. 
   Is the infection virulent in the prodromal period?
   
5. 
   Does the incubation period last from 14 days to 50 days?
   

7. 
   Find the synonym to the following word:
   

1. 
   viral
   
2. 
   epidemic
   
3. 
   infectious
   
4. 
   severe
   
5. 
   pathologic
   

8. 
   Find the synonym to the following word combination “sick person”.
   

1. 
   doctor
   
2. 
   disease
   
3. 
   scientist
   
4. 
   infection
   
5. 
   patient
   

9. 
   Compile the sentence from these words:
   

Period infection virulent is in prodromal the

1. 
   1236547
   
2. 
   7654321
   
3. 
   1234567
   
4. 
   2345761
   
5. 
   1234765
   

10. 
    Choose the sentence, containing incorrect information according to the contents of the text “Botkin’s disease”
    

1. 
   Botkin’s disease is an acute viral disease.
   
2. 
   Botkin’s disease affects hepatic cells and bile ducts.
   
3. 
   The prominent German scientist Virchow R. advanced the idea of an infectious origin of hepatitis.
   
4. 
   Borkin’s disease occurs in epidemic form.
   
5. 
   This disease affects children, adults and elderly persons.
   

-Present and Past Participles

-Past Partisiple of regular,irregular verbs.
I.Give the present Partisiple of the given words:

to isolate-

associate-

complain-

preceed-

observe-

treat-

know-

stand-

swim-

translate-

1.It (to be),the first week of hepatitis was particulary virulent.

2.The liver (to be involved),in the inflammatory pracess,the tissues of the spleen,gallbladder and the nervous endocrine system will become impaired as well..

3.Emergensy surgery(to have been performed),for gangrenous appendicitis a year before,the patient was relieved of all painful symptoms.

4.Profuse gastric bleeding(to have bee arrested),the danger to the patient life was eliminated.

5.Translate the sentences in Absolute Partisiple Construction.

1.We observed the surgeon operating on this patient

2.The diagnosis of purulent gangrenous cholecystitis having been made,an emergency operation was performed

3.The patient has been suffering form abdominal bleeding,it being severe and profuse.

CONTACT HOUR № 2

1.Find the pairs of synonyms and remember:

Preventive, to revise, about, radiate, to involve, acute, to resulting to detirmine, lesion, entire,

To elevate,to recover,to deminish,appromimately,dry,empty,sharp,base,

Sharp восполение

Umbilical связанный с

Ducts острый

Inflammation Чувствительность

Sensitivity Бледный

Pale Болезненность

Tenderness Проток

Associate with пупочный

4.Translate the word combination into Russian:

Inflammatory disease, is know to occur rarely, involvement of the liver, to complain og intense pain, fatty food and alcohol,pain grows much worse, severe tenderness, achieved by surgical treatment

5.Find the rood of the given words and translate:

Involvement, association, intensive, localized, responsibility, observation, independent, sensitivity, irritation, dangerous, dryness, isolation.

1.Products of protein,fatt and ccarbohydrate digestion (to be absosrved) from the gastrointestinal tract by the liver in wich they(to undergo) furhur chemical processes.

2.The liver (to destroy)toxic substances which ussully (to be formed) in the intestinal tract as well as some poisons wich (to enter) the body from without.

2.Translate the sentences using Absolute Partisiple Construction into English

2.Иногда желчнокаменная болезнь сопровождается осложнениями, причем развитие холецистита является наиболее частым.

Heart, blood, lymph, serum, nerve

Sitiscysolech ..................

utecA ..................

taiepn ..................

mbulciail ...................

Contact hours
Theme: Acute Cholecystitis.

Lexics: Word and word combination from the Text.

Grammar: Absolute Participle Construction

Hours: 3

Aim: Students must acquire the knowledge of this disease, widen their wordstock and be able to use ammased study in their future life. To develop students speaking, listening, reading and writing skills by working with the Text and grammar material.
Control.
Contact hour №1

Remind the Grammar

-Present and Past Participles

-Past Partisiple of regular,irregular verbs.
I.Give the present Partisiple of the given words:

to isolate-

associate-

complain-

preceed-

observe-

treat-

know-

stand-

swim-

translate-

1.It (to be),the first week of hepatitis was particulary virulent.

2.The liver (to be involved),in the inflammatory pracess,the tissues of the spleen,gallbladder and the nervous endocrine system will become impaired as well..

3.Emergensy surgery(to have been performed),for gangrenous appendicitis a year before,the patient was relieved of all painful symptoms.

4.Profuse gastric bleeding(to have bee arrested),the danger to the patient life was eliminated.

5.Translate the sentences in Absolute Partisiple Construction.

1.We observed the surgeon operating on this patient

2.The diagnosis of purulent gangrenous cholecystitis having been made,an emergency operation was performed

3.The patient has been suffering form abdominal bleeding,it being severe and profuse.

CONTACT HOUR № 2

1.Find the pairs of synonyms and remember:

Preventive, to revise, about, radiate, to involve, acute, to resulting to detirmine, lesion, entire,

To elevate,to recover,to deminish,appromimately,dry,empty,sharp,base,

Sharp восполение

Umbilical связанный с

Ducts острый

Inflammation Чувствительность

Sensitivity Бледный

Pale Болезненность

Tenderness Проток

Associate with пупочный

4.Translate the word combination into Russian:

Inflammatory disease, is know to occur rarely, involvement of the liver, to complain og intense pain, fatty food and alcohol,pain grows much worse, severe tenderness, achieved by surgical treatment

5.Find the rood of the given words and translate:

Involvement, association, intensive, localized, responsibility, observation, independent, sensitivity, irritation, dangerous, dryness, isolation.

1.Products of protein,fatt and ccarbohydrate digestion (to be absosrved) from the gastrointestinal tract by the liver in wich they(to undergo) furhur chemical processes.

2.The liver (to destroy)toxic substances which ussully (to be formed) in the intestinal tract as well as some poisons wich (to enter) the body from without.

2.Translate the sentences using Absolute Partisiple Construction into English

2.Иногда желчнокаменная болезнь сопровождается осложнениями, причем развитие холецистита является наиболее частым.

Heart, blood, lymph, serum, nerve

Sitiscysolech ..................

utecA ..................

taiepn ..................

mbulciail ...................

Work out

For students’ self – studying under the guidance of a teacher.

Theme: Lexics: Pulmonary Tuberculosis

Clinical Picture

• 
  Students should familiarize with new lexics of the theme;
  
• 
  To make the sentences and translate them;
  
• 
  Use lexics minimum in their speech;
  
• 
  To translate the words and word-combinations with the lexical minimum.
  

1. 
   Give Russian equivalents to:
   

1. 
   A general malaise
   
2. 
   A considerable fatigue
   
3. 
   A thick pus
   
4. 
   A benign disease
   
5. 
   Lymphatic glands
   
6. 
   Pus corpuscles
   
7. 
   Intoxication
   
8. 
   Erythrocytes
   
9. 
   Sputum
   
10. 
    Subfebrile
    

2. 
   Read and translate the following sentences. Find the Past Perfect Continuous construction in them and explain its usage:
   

1. 
   1. The patient stated that he had been suffering from a bad cough with purulent sputum for about a month. 2. The patient was administered a diet for the physical examination of the liver had revealed bits considerable enlargement. 3. The change of the patient’s body temperature to abnormal was quite unexpected for the physician.
   
2. 
   1. Poorly developed bones and teeth, slow growth and even the general impairment of health occurred in some children since their food contained little phosphors. 2. I have been waiting for the nurse since 8 o’clock she must give me an intramuscular injection. 3. The patient had been complaining of cough with purulent sputum since he was admitted to the hospital. 4. Since the patient’s body weigh had been considerably reducing and his liver became enlarged he was administered a number of laboratory analyses to make the diagnosis clear.
   

3. 
   Choose the right proper verb from those given in brackets. Use it in the necessary tense:
   

1. 
   The patient’s general condition (to improve, to recover) gradually since he was administered streptomycin injections.
   
2. 
   The most characteristic symptoms of primary tuberculosis such as loss of appétit and weight, short periods of fever and slow growth (to develop, to produce) in a child since the age of two.
   
3. 
   As the patient’s temperature (to enlarge, to elevate) constantly since he was admitted to the hospital he had to follow a bad regimen.
   

4. 
   Divide the text into some parts and name them.
   

4. 
   Situation.
   

4. 
   Complete the following sentences according to the contents of the text C:
   

1. 
   Pulmonary tuberculosis is …………………………………………………………..
   
2. 
   This disease may also affect other organs: …………………………………………
   
3. 
   The causative agent of tuberculosis was discovered ……………………………….
   
4. 
   In the early stage of tuberculosis the patient usually complains of …………………
   
5. 
   Sputum is mucopurulent. Its microscopic examination reveals …………………….
   
6. 
   The permanent symptoms of pulmonary tuberculosis ………………………………
   

4. 
   Speak on the following topics:
   

1. 
   Tuberculosis was discovered by Koch in 1882.
   
2. 
   Sputum is mucopurulent.
   
3. 
   Signs of pulmonary tuberculosis.
   

1. 
   Read the situations and make sentences from the words in brackets.
   

1. 
   I was very tired when I arrived home.
   

2. 
   The two boys come into the house. They had a football and they were both very tired.
   

3. 
   There was nobody in the room but there was a smell of cigarettes.
   

4. 
   Ann woke up in the middle of the night. She was frightened and didn’t know where she was.
   

5. 
   When I got home, Mike was sitting in front of the TV. He had just turned it off.
   

2. 
   Read the situations and complete the sentences.
   

1. 
   We played tennis yesterday. Half an hour after we began playing, it started to rain.
   

2. 
   I had arranged to meet Tom in a restaurant. I arrived and waited for him. After 20 minutes I suddenly realized that I was in the wrong restaurant.
   

3. 
   Sarah got a job in a factory. Five years later the factory closed down.
   

4. 
   I went to a concert last week. The orchestra began playing. After about ten minutes a man in the audience suddenly began shouting.
   

5. 
   This time make your own sentence:
   

3. 
   Complete the questions.
   

2.

4. 
   Puzzle.
   

1. 
   Find the pairs of antonyms and memorize them.
   

1. 
   Permanent
   
2. 
   Benign
   
3. 
   To drop
   
4. 
   To suffer from
   
5. 
   Frequently
   
6. 
   To arrest
   
7. 
   A gain in weight
   
8. 
   To become worse
   
9. 
   To include
   
10. 
    Seldom
    

1. 
   Find the pairs of synonyms and memorize them.
   

1. 
   Exclude
   
2. 
   Result in
   
3. 
   Diminish
   
4. 
   Gradually
   
5. 
   Slight
   
6. 
   A symptom
   
7. 
   To spread
   
8. 
   In addition to
   
9. 
   To give attention
   
10. 
    A return of disease
    

1. 
   Choose right answers to correspond to Text C.
   

1. 
   What forms of tuberculosis are accompanied by a subfebrile temperature?
   

1. 
   Benign forms of tuberculosis are:
   
2. 
   Pneumonic forms of tuberculosis are:
   

2. 
   What kind of sputum has the patient with tuberculosis?
   

1. 
   It is purulent
   
2. 
   It is mucopurulent
   

3. 
   The evidence of what form of tuberculosis may cold profuse perspiration at night be?
   

1. 
   It may be the evidence of a benign form of tuberculosis
   
2. 
   It may be the evidence of severe form of tuberculosis.
   

1. 
   Answer to the following questions:
   

1. 
   What organ is affected in case of pulmonary tuberculosis?
   
2. 
   Why is it necessary to reveal a causative agent of an infectious disease?
   
3. 
   What condition of the patient may be the evidence of the recovery?
   
4. 
   In case of what disease may the patient have night perspiration?
   
5. 
   In what state are the walls of blood vessels in case of the elevation of blood pressure?
   
6. 
   How does the weight of the patient change in case of a permanent loss of appetite?
   
7. 
   What changes occur in the blood in case of a pressure blood loss?
   
8. 
   In what case may a patient complain of early fatigue and malaise?
   

2.To teach the students to prepare topics about scientific research work of prominent medical scientists, studying the problems of rheumatic endocarditis

1. 
   Pay attention to pronunciation and read the following words correctly:
   

2. 
   Read and translate the following words and word combinations:
   

3. 
   Find the correct in the right column:
   

2. physical exertion незначительно увеличена

3. slight enlarged важные показания

4. blood analysis физическое напряжение

5. heart murmur шум сердца

4. 
   Translate the following words and word combinations into English:
   

1.Imagine, that you are a sick person, and you have main symptoms of rheumatic endocarditis.

Tell your complaints to a doctor. Doctor must diagnose those diseases correctly.
2.Imagine, that you are prominent scientists, studying the problems of rheumatic endocarditis,

Tell your opinion about origin and clinical picture of this diseases.

1. The patient complained of a general malaise, ……

2. The blood analysis revealed …..

3. On percussion the doctor determined the heart …..

4. While listening to the patient’s heart the doctor found….

5. these symptoms were accompanied by….

1. The doctor estimate the organic changes in the mitral, aortic and tricuspid valves to be clearly marked.

2. The patient stated that the onset of the diseases had been preceded by tonsillitis.

3. These findings of the physical examination were confirmed by the X- ray examination.

4. The electrocardiogram showed the changes in the most important readings.

5. The physician considered the patient to be ill with rheumatic endocarditis and insisted on his following a strict bed regimen at the in- patient department.

1. What disease may the onset of rheumatic endocarditis be preceded?

2. What examination can the enlargement of the heart be determined by?

3. What regimen must a patient with rheumatic endocarditis follow?

4. How can systolic and diastolic heart murmurs be revealed in patients with rheumatic endocarditis?

Work out

for students’ self-studying under the guidance of a teacher
Theme: “Atherosclerosis and its Treatment”

Lexics: The words and word-combinations of the theme

Grammar: Complex Object

Urgency of the theme:

Atherosclerosis is one of the diseases of the cardiovascular system which is due to many causes. There are a number of factors which may determine its development.

It’s important to know the treatment of any disease if you are going to be a doctor; students have to show their interests in etiology and pathogenesis of the diseases.
The aim of the lesson:

Students are to know:

• 
  new words and word-combinations of the text
  
• 
  complex object
  
• 
  the text “Atherosclerosis and its Treatment”
  

• 
  use new lexims in their speech
  
• 
  use and find the complex object in the sentences
  
• 
  answer the questions
  
• 
  make up a dialogue on the theme
  

3. 
   Consolidation of the previous lesson
   
4. 
   Complex Object
   

4. 
   Complex Object
   
5. 
   “Atherosclerosis and its Treatment”
   
6. 
   The words and word-combinations of the theme
   

The material is in aid of developing reading, listening, speaking skills. Pre reading activities comprise introducing the new lexics, keeping in mind and draw their attention to the correct spelling and pronunciation. Learn the new grammar material (look at the grammar reference)

I know this surgeon (him) to operate on successfully.

Я знаю, что этот хирург (он) оперирует успешно.

I want you to come at 5.

Я хочу, чтобы вы пришли в 5 часов.

1) Сложное дополнение употребляется после глаголов:

а) выражающих желание: to want – хотеть; to wish, to desire – желать; should like, would like – хотел бы;

б) выражающих предположение: to expect – ожидать; to think – думать; to believe – полагать; считать; to suppose – полагать; to consider - считать; to find – находить, признавать;

в) выражающих приказание, просьбу, разрешение: to order, to command – приказывать; to ask – просить; to allow – разрешать и др.
Contact Hour № 2

1. Find Complex object and translate the sentences:

The physician considered the incidence of heart attacks to be associated with the nervous overstrain. The doctor wants me to have undergone the course of treatment by the end of the week. We noticed the most characteristic symptoms of rheumatic endocarditis have been eliminated since the administration of those preparations.

1. The teacher said to the pupils: “Learn the rule.”

-The teacher wanted…

2.”Be careful, or else you will spill the milk,” said my mother to me. -My mother did not want…

3. “My daughter will go to a ballet school,” said the woman.

-The woman wanted…

-The man wanted…

-The little boy wanted…

-Ann wanted…

1.I have never seen … a) как больному снимают электрокардиограмму; б) как сестра делает внутривенное вливание. 2. I would like … а) чтобы больной прошел курс рентгенотерапии; б) чтобы мой диагноз был подтвержден рентгенологическим обследованием. 3. We did not expect … а) что у этого больного будет обнаружена сердечно – сосудистая недостаточность: б) что воспалительный процессе в сердечных клапанах будет таким тяжелым.

Я хочу, чтобы все дети смеялись. Мне хотелось бы, чтобы доктор посмотрел его. Я ненавижу, когда ты забываешь свои обязанности. Пожалуйста, не заставляйте меня пить молоко. Она хочет, чтобы его картины видели во всех странах. Ребенок хотел, чтобы его мишку положили к нему в постель. Вы хотите, чтобы эту картину повесили над камином?

1. Listen and pay attention to the pronunciation of the following words and get down them in your vocabulary.

2. Repeat after the speaker.

atherosclerosis атересклероз

metabolic относящийся к обмену веществ

carbohydrate углевод

cardiovascular сердечно-сосудистый

hereditary наследственный, потомственный; переходящий из поколения

в поколение

congenital врожденный, природный

overstrain перенапряжение

vascular сосудистый

contraction сокращение

heart failure внезапная остановка сердечной деятельности, паралич сердца

to diminish убывать, уменьшаться

worse худший

changeable меняющийся, непостоянный, изменчивый,

seldom редко, нечасто, изредка

sufficiency достаток

malignant злобный, злостный

lipotropic substances липотропное вещество

regimen режим (включая диету, физическую зарядку, здоровый образ жизни)

1. Give the words of the opposite meaning:

to diminish, suddenly, to be constant, to become worse, changeable, to fall, to include, malignant, seldom, sufficiency, a gain in weight.

Hereditary, overstrain, vascular, contraction, worse, diminish, suddenly, seldom, congenital, regimen, lipotropic substances

Врожденный порок сердца, принять эффективные меры, внезапная остановка сердца, трепетание предсердий, нарушение кровоснабжения, внешние признаки, профилактические меры, умственное перенапряжения.

To administer an adequate dose of medicine, to make an incision on the cardiac wall, to complain of a general malaise and fatigue, congenital heart defects, to undergo the course of x-ray treatment, to result in heart failure.

Cardiovascular, metabolic, sufficient, regimen, atherosclerosis, lipotropic substances, external evidence, mental overstrain, cholesterol exchange.

1. ….. is one of the diseases of the cardiovascular system which is due to many causes. 2. Prevention and treatment of atherosclerosis consist mainly of a certain ……. for the patient. 3. The diet of the patients with atherosclerosis must contain ……. Amount of proteins, but fats and carbohydrates must be taken in very limited doses. 4. Vitamins are widely used in the treatment of atherosclerosis because some of them improve the ……… processes and other dilate the vessels.

6. read the text and give English equivalents to these word combinations:

Внешние признаки, профилактические меры, умственное перенапряжение, крепкий сон, врожденный порок сердца, нарушение кровоснабжение.

7. 
   Express the central idea of the first paragraph
   
8. 
   Give the summary of the text.
   
9. 
   Retell the text.
   

a) Do exercises from work-out;

b) Learn grammar material;

c) Learn the essential vocabulary of the theme.

7. 
   the text “Atherosclerosis and its Treatment”;
   
8. 
   materials of the department;
   
9. 
   “Essential English for medical students”. A. M. Maslova
   

I expected my sister to be operated on as soon as her temperature retuned to normal. The physician wanted my mother to be following a bed regimen for several days. The cardiologist considered the electrocardiogram waves to have changed after the heart attack. The physician supposed the intensity of the shadow in the lung to decrease after the treatment

The investigator observed the primary manifestation of the disease be _______ associated with the reduction of the number of Erythrocytes.

The surgeon noticed the amount of pus in the mucopurulent discharge from the wound _______ has been decreasing. The examiner saw the marked shadowing in the lung ________ have areas of various intensity.

3. Complete the questions using Complex Object and translate

Do you want __________ ?

Did you hear ___________ ?

Did anybody make _________?

Did your parents want _________?

Who has noticed __________?

The physician considered the incidence of heart attacks to be associated with the nervous overstrains. I know this surgeon to operate on successfully. The doctor wants me to have undergone the course of treatment by the end of the week. I want you to come at five. He sees me write exercises every evening.

1. Give Russian equivalents to:

Congenital heart defects, to result in heart failure, to make an incision on the cardiac wall, to radiate to the back and arm, to undergo the rupture of the blood vessel, to administer an adequate dose of medicine, to complain of a general malaise and fatigue.

Крепкий сон, принять эффективные меры, внезапная остановка сердца, трепетание предсердий, нарушение кровоснабжения, внешние признаки, профилактические меры, умственное перенапряжения.

a symptom

in addition to

to be troubled by

to give attention

to pass through

an impairment

to spread

a return of a disease

to fees