ИЗ ИСТОРИИ ЗОЛОТОДОБЫЧИ НА ТЕРРИТОРИИ СОВРЕМЕННОГО КАЗАХСТАНА:
КОНЕЦ ХІХ-НАЧАЛО ХХ ВЕКОВ
Copyright © 2020 by International Network Center for
Fundamental and Applied Research
Copyright © 2020 by Academic Publishing House Researcher s.r.o.
Published in the USA Co-published in the Slovak Republic Bylye Gody
Has been issued since 2006.
E-ISSN: 2310-0028
Vol. 56. Is. 2. pp. 742-758. 2020
DOI: 10.13187/bg.2020.2.742
Journal homepage: http://ejournal52.com
FROM THE HISTORY OF GOLD MINING ON THE TERRITORY OF MODERN KAZAKHSTAN:
THE END OF THE XIX-BEGINNING OF
THE XX CENTURIES
Sovetkhan K. Igibaeva , 1
aS. Amanzholov East Kazakhstan state university in
Ust-Kamenogorsk, Republic of Kazakhstan
Abstract
The article deals with the origin and development of the gold industry on the territory of modern Kazakhstan. Gold mining emerged and developed as a separate branch of the mining industry based on the investment of private capital and free labor. The role of merchants and merchant companies in the development of gold placers and their gradual displacement by large joint-stock companies, foreign firms in the development of rich gold-bearing systems of the territory is shown. Besides the gold, an additional source of income for gold producers was the land allocated to them for mines and mines.
On the basis of introduction of new archival and other sources into scientific circulation and their analysis, the author comes to the conclusion that the conditions of workers' employment in the gold industry were mainly capitalist; however, until the mid-90s of the XIX century there were remnants of pre-capitalist features. With the further development of capitalist relations, the deepening of property and social inequality in the village, the formation of an excess of workers, there was no need for gold miners to keep cheap labor by debt bondage.
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