н. а. кобрина [и др.]. М., 2001. с. 318–391.
Blokh M. Y.
2004. р. 261–271.
Ilyish B. A.
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26. Text grammar and Theory of Discourse
When talking about the relationship between the traditional
sentence grammar and the theory of discourse, we should take into
consideration the three main aspects of the sentence: structural,
semantic, and pragmatic. Analyzing sentence in the text, M. Blokh
focuses on the structural features as primary ones. In his opinion,
sentences in speech are connected both semantically and syntactically.
They combine with one another on syntactic lines in the formation of
larger stretches of both oral talk and written text. It implies a succession
of sentences with a common informative purpose (topic). The terms
used are: “a complex syntactic unity”, “a super-phrasal unity”, and “the
supra-sentential construction”. Text has two distinguishing features:
first, it is a semantic (topical) unity, second, it is a syntactic cohesion.
According to M. Y. Blokh, there are two types of text. Monologue is
a one-direction sequence of sentences e. g.:
We’ll have a lovely garden.
We’ll have roses in it and a lovely lawn for little Billy and little Barbara
to play on. And we’ll have our meals down by the lily pond in summer.
Dialogue is a two-direction sequence, in which sentences are uttered
by the speakers in turn, e. g.:
Annette, what have you done? — I’ve
done what I had to do
. The monologue formation is based on syntactic
cumulation of sentences, whereas the dialogue formation is based on its
sentences being positioned so as to meet one another. The monologue
text, or “discourse” is a topical entity; the dialogue text, or “conversation”
is an exchange-topical entity. Sentences in a cumulative sequence
can be connected either prospectively or retrospectively. Prospective
(epiphoric, cataphoric) cumulation is effected through connective
elements (mainly, notional words) that relate a given sentence to one
that follows it. This type can be found in scientific and technical texts,
e. g.:
Let me add
Достарыңызбен бөлісу: