В. А. Шляхова, О. Н. Герасина, Ю. А. Герасина английский язык для экономистов english for economists



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Шляхова В.А. Английский язык для экономистов

TEXT XIII
(
To be read after Unit XII
To be read after Unit XII
)
Прочтите текст и выполните последующие задания.
Taxation
In the United States, federal, state and local governments 
cover their expenses through taxation. In general local governments 
receive most of their tax revenues from property taxes. State 
governments traditionally are depended on sales taxes. The federal 
government’s main source of revenue is the income tax. Other 
federal taxes include the corporate profit tax and social insurance 
(Social Security) taxes.
The government can also use its own spending and taxing 
activities to achieve specific objectives. This is called fiscal policy. 
By increasing or decreasing its spending or taxing programs, the 
federal government may reduce or increase demand for goods and 
services. If the government reduces its own spending, it buys less 
from business, reducing sales and earnings, and people have less 
money to spend.
If the government raises taxes, people also have less money to 
spend. Spending and taxing policies work together to increase or 
decrease aggregate demand.
For example, if the government taxes are greater than it spends, 
it causes a net reduction in the flow of income to people and busi-
nesses, because this reduces aggregate demand for goods and ser-
vices. It is a method for fighting inflation. Fiscal policy uses budget 
deficits or surpluses to promote economic stability and growth.


141
Yet, there are some problems associated with the use of fis-
cal policy. Higher taxes are unpopular with both individuals and 
businesses because this means a reduction in funds used to help 
education, health care and other services.
Задание 1. 
Переведите текст на русский язык.
Задание 2. 
Найдите в тексте ответы на вопросы.
1. What is the main federal government’s source of rev-
enue?
2. What does fiscal policy mean?
3. What takes place if the government reduces its spending?
4. What are the problems associated with the use of fiscal 
policy?


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