«xviii сәтбаев оқулары» 1 Ќазаќстан республикасы білім жєне ѓылым министрлігі
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» сериясы «XVIII СӘТБАЕВ ОҚУЛАРЫ» 304 305 can sell them to local energy providing companies [7]. Furthermore, according to kursiv.kz «KazAtomProm» is going to build factory of wind turbine production and now there are already about 40 wind turbines located on Kazakhstan’s territory [8]. The Guardian journalists Anushka Asthana and Matthew Taylor report that the Great Britain government is banning trade of petrol and diesel cars from 2040, this action was caused because of worsened health of the local people [9]. According to Adam Vaughan, the Volvo vehicles manufacturing company has made an announcement that the company is going to produce only electric or hybrid cars from 2019, the first five cars are planned to release between 2019-2021 [10]. Therefore, the demand for oil is slightly decreasing, as people started to substitute it with alternatives that do not harm the environment. The falling need in petroleum firstly will affect on the economy of oil-exporting countries. According to Opec Annual report for 2016, the member-countries which have exported more oil products are Saudi Arabia, Kuwait, Algeria and UAE. This countries will be first affected by changing of oil price. For example, according to UAE government website, the contribution of oil and gas into the economy was 34 % in 2014, it was the highest index among other sectors [11]. Russian Federation is also one of the huge oil exporter country which is not member of OPEC. Its oil production amount in 2015 was one of the highest - 10.11 m b/d, according to OPEC’s annual report [12]. Its economy is dependent from oil sales, for example, Tom Bowler reports about falling of oil price in 2014 which affected on the wealth of the country, as it loses about $2 billion for each dollar fall in petroleum price. Prime minister D. Medvedev said that country had had to minimize expenditures, thus some programmes were forced to be closed [13]. The GDP level of Russian Federation started to fall down in 2014 and dramatically went down in 2015, reports World Bank. However, today oil prices have stabilized and country’s economy returned to normal growth [14]. Besides, not only Russian Federation had struggled from oil price falling, but the big part of the world, the World Bank made a statistics on GDP growth and in 2015 dramatically fall down has been detected, for example if in 2014 the GDP index was $79 trillion and in 2015 it fell till $74 trillion [15]. Kazakhstan as oil exporter also incurred losses the GDP level halved from $221 billion in 2014 to $184 billion in 2015 [16]. Talking about countries which imports oil, China have become the world’s largest oil importer, reports Ecns [17]. Its GDP level, for example, rose from 10 to 11 trillion dollars, according to the World Bank [18]. Thus, as we can see, oil prices are usually unstable, so countries’ economy growth will be always dependent on it. To be independent from oil, countries may use alternative energy sources. As an example - Iceland, it is one of most intensive volcanic area in the world, so it has a huge amount of geothermal energy source. Iceland uses this source for heating and producing electricity, also this source is cheaper than using oil [19]. Also, Iceland had decreased its oil import, according to the World Bank, rate of import started to go down from 19.1 % in 2013 and in 2016 the rate was 10.7 % [20]. To sum up, oil has very broad usage, however it has a big harm on the environment and its prices are always unstable, so the economies of the countries are dependent on them. As a result, the only way to be independent is to use alternative energy sources. Aims. The purpose of my research is to investigate the consequences of decreasing oil demand on the world and Kazakhstan economy. The aim is to find why oil loses its usage and how it is replaced. Thus, research questions of my project are: – What are the reasons of decreasing of demand for oil? – How decreasing of demand for oil may Change the economy of oil-exporting and oil-importing countries? – How oil-importing countries may be independent from oil- exporting countries? The outcomes of the research may be interesting for people who are keen on this sphere and also among students or for those who also making research in this field. The results of the project are intended to enhance our awareness about decreasing usage of this type of fuel due to the fact that its stores are depleting and petroleum has a high bad impact on the environment. жүктеу/скачать 4,76 Mb. Достарыңызбен бөлісу:
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