Indirect Speech – Косвенная Речь
При переходе прямой речи в косвенную происходят следующие изменения:
Меняются времена Direct speech | Indirect speech | Present Simple the 1 st form | Past Simple verb +ed or the2nd form | Present Continuous to be + V+ing | Past Continuous was, were +V+ing | Present Perfect have, has +the 3d form or verb+ed | Past Perfect had +the 3d form or verb+ed | Past Simple verb +ed or the2nd form | Past Perfect had +the 3d form or verb+ed | Future Simple will +verb | Future-in- the –Past should, would + verb | 2.Меняются личные и притяжательные местоимения по смыслу.
3.Меняются обстоятельства времени
Direct Speech | Indirect Speech |
Today
|
That day
|
Yesterday
|
The day before
|
Tomorrow
|
The next day
|
..ago
|
..before
|
This..
|
That,
|
These…
|
Those…
|
Here
|
There
|
Last year
|
The year before
|
Last month
|
The month before
|
Last…
|
The…before
|
Next…
|
The following…
|
Қазақстан Республикасының Білім және ғылым министрлігі
Министерство образования и науки Республики Казахстан
Экономика және қаржы колледжі
Колледж экономики и финансов
Грамматическая таблица
Indirect Speech – Косвенная Речь
I. Когда прямая речь содержит просьбу, приказание , команду , то:
Indirect commands |
Keep quiet! Dont make noise!
| He asked me to keep quiet! |
He asked me not to make noise!
|
II.Когда прямая речь содержит утверждение, то: косвееная речь вводится союзом ‘that”:
Direct speech
|
Indirect speech
|
She said: “I am a student”
|
She said that she was a student.
|
He said: “I have just received a letter from my uncle.”
|
He said that he had just received a letter from his uncle
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III.Когда пряма речь содержит общий вопрос, то при переходе ее в косвенную происходят следующие изменения:
косвенная речь вводитс союзами “if”, “whether”( ли).
“Said” меняется на “asked”
обратный порядок слов меняетс на прямой.
Direct speech
|
Indirect speech
|
She said: “Do you work here?”
|
She asked if I worked there.
|
He said: “ Will you come tomorrow?”
|
He asked if I came the next day.
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IV.Когда прямая речь содержит специальный вопрос , то при переходе ее в косвенную, происходят следующие изменения:
1.косвенная речь вводится тем словом, с которого начинается вопром
2.“Said” меняется на “asked”
3.обратный порядок слов меняется на прямой.
Direct speech
|
Indirect speech
|
She said: “Where do you work”
|
She asked where I worked.
|
He said: “ What will you do tomorrow?”
|
He asked what I should do the next day.
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Қазақстан Республикасының Білім және ғылым министрлігі
Министерство образования и науки Республики Казахстан
Экономика және қаржы колледжі
Колледж экономики и финансов
Грамматическая таблица
Indirect Speech – Косвенная Речь
При переходе прямой речи в косвенную происходят следующие изменения:
Меняются личные и притяжательные местоимения по смыслу.
Меняются времена по правилу согласования времен:
Прямая речь-Direct speech
|
Косвенная речь –Indirect speech
|
Present Simple (1 ф)
|
Past Simple (2 ф или.-гл.+ed)
|
Present Continuous (to be+ ing)
|
Past Continuous (was, were+ing)
|
Present Perfect
(have, has+3 ф или.-гл.+ed)
|
Past Perfect (had+3 ф или.-гл.+ed)
|
Past Simple (2 ф или.-гл.+ed)
|
Past Perfect (had+3 ф или.-гл.+ed)
|
Future Simple (shall, will+ гл.)
Shall-употребляется сI, we
|
Future-in-the Past(should, would+ гл.);
Should-употребляется с I, we)
|
Меняются обстоятельства времени:
Прямая речь-Direct speech
|
Косвенная речь –Indirect speech
|
Today
|
That day
|
Yesterday
|
The day before
|
Tomorrow
|
The next day
|
Next…
|
The following…
|
Now
|
then
|
Here
|
there
|
Last year
|
The year before
|
…ago
|
…before
|
This
|
that
|
These
|
those
|
I.При переходе прямой речи, содержащей утверждение в косвенную, происходят следующие изменения.
Косвенная речь вводится союзом «that»
Direct speech: Mother said: “ I shall come at 6 tomorrow”
Indirect speech: Mother said that she would come at 6 the next day.
II.При переходе прямой речи, содержащей просьбу, приказание, команду, происходят следующие изменения:
1.said-меняется на asked
Глагол без “to” переходит на глагол с “to”
Direct speech: The teacher said: “Open the door, please”.
Indirect speech: The teacher asked to open the door.
III.При переходе прямой речи, содержащей общий вопрос, происходят следующие изменения:
said-меняется на asked
косвенная речь вводится союзами “if” или “whether” (“ли”)
Обратный порядок слов( когшда глагол стоит перед подлежащим меняется на прямой ( в начале подлежащее, а затем глагол)
Direct speech: The teacher said to me : “Do you live here?”
Indirect speech: The teacher asked me if I lived there.
IV. При переходе прямой речи, содержащей специальный вопрос, в косвенную происходят следующие изменения:
said-меняется на asked
косвенная речь вводится тем словом с которого начинается вопрос.
3.Обратный порядок слов( когшда глагол стоит перед подлежащим меняется на прямой ( в начале подлежащее, а затем глагол)
Direct speech: The teacher said to me “ Where do you live?”
Indirect speech: The teacher asked me where I lived.
Қазақстан Республикасының Білім және ғылым министрлігі
Министерство образования и науки Республики Казахстан
Экономика және қаржы колледжі
Колледж экономики и финансов
Текст «Английская еда» - “English Meals”
The English usually have 4 meals a day: breakfast, lunch, tea (5 o’clock) and dinner. Breakfast can be a full “ English breakfast” of cornflakes with milk and sugar, or bacon and eggs, toast and marmalade, tea or coffee. Some people have a just cup of tea or coffee with a toast or something similar. This is usually called a “ continental breakfast”.
At midday everything is stopped for lunch. Most of offices and small shops are closed for an hour and the city pavements are full of people on their way to cafes, coffee bars, restaurants. Factory workers usually eat at their canteen.
The English like what they call “good plain food”. They must be able to recognize what they are eating. Usually they like steak, roast beef, Yorkshire pudding and fish and chips.
Afternoon tea is taken at about 5 o’clock, but it can be hardly called a meal. It is a cup of tea and cake or biscuits. At the weekends afternoon tea is a special occasion friends and visitors are often invited to have a chat over a cup of tea.
Dinner is the most substantial meal of the day. It is usually eaten at 7 o’clock. The first course may be soup (though the English don’t like it very much.) The main course will often be fish or meat, perhaps the traditional roast beef of old England and a lot of vegetables. The next course will be something sweet and often cooked, such as a fruit pi. Last of all there may be cheese, often with biscuits.
It is common knowledge that he English are very fond of tea. They like to have “a nice cup of tea” 6 or 8 times a day, sometimes even more.
Қазақстан Республикасының Білім және ғылым министрлігі
Министерство образования и науки Республики Казахстан
Экономика және қаржы колледжі
Колледж экономики и финансов
Словарь по теме «Английская еда»
Cornflakes-кукурузные хлопья
Bacon and eggs-яичница с беконом
Similar-подобный, похожий
Coffee bar-кафетерий
Canteen-столовая
Plain food-простая пища
Steak-кусок мяса, лангет. бифштекс
Roast beef-ростбиф
Yorkshire pudding-йоркширский пудинг
Fish and chips-рыба с картофелем во фритюре
It can be hardly called-вряд ли это можно назвать
Biscuit-печенье
Special occasion-особый случай
Main course-второе блюдо
Қазақстан Республикасының Білім және ғылым министрлігі
Министерство образования и науки Республики Казахстан
Экономика және қаржы колледжі
Колледж экономики и финансов
Упражнения по тексту «Английская еда»
Answer the following questions:
1.How many meals a day do the English have?
2. What is the traditional English breakfast like?
3. What is usually called a “ continental breakfast?”
4.When do the English usually have lunch?
5.What does afternoon tea consist of?
6.What kind of meal is dinner?
7. How many courses does it have?
Преподаватель колледжа
Байтубаева А.М.
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