4. Innovation and sophistication factors
4.1 Business sophistication. Business sophistication is conducive to higher efficiency in the production of goods and services. This leads, in turn, to increased productivity, thus enhancing a nation’s competitiveness. Business sophistication concerns the quality of a country’s overall business networks as well as the quality of individual firms’ operations and strategies. It is particularly important for countries at an advanced stage of development, when the more basic sources of productivity improvements have been exhausted to a large extent.
Business sophistication scores misalignment arose from the inhomogeneity and heterogeneity of the following facts: barriers to entry to the market for new firms, unavailability of opportunities for innovation, and also the low quality of a country’s business networks and supporting industries. Indeed, based on analysis of data of the Global Competitiveness Report 2009-2010 we obtain the following:
- mean is 4,117 score, and this corresponds the Mexico (4,15) ranked 60th;
- mode is 4,64 score, and this corresponds New Zealand ranked 20th; Slovenia ranked 37th and Brazil ranked 56th;
- maximum is 5,89 score, and this corresponds Japan ranked 8th;
- minimum is 2,97 score, and this corresponds Timor-Leste ranked 126th. Then interval is 2,92 score, also note that Germany (2nd) is 5,82; United States (5th) – 5,65; Turkey (53rd) – 4,28 and Kazakhstan (88th) – 3,70 scores;
- skewness coefficient is 0,527, and this appropriate distribution of the business sophistication scores shift the mean significance to the right;
- kurtosis coefficient is -0,540, and this appropriate distribution relatively normal distribution is the horizontally direction.
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