Backbone (n) основа, магистраль capability (n) производительность; характеристика

1. What was the very first calculating device?

2. What is abacus? When did people begin to use them?

3. When did a lot of people try to find easy ways of calculating?

4. Who used Napier’s ideas to produce logarithm?

5. What was invented by Sir Isaac Newton and Leibnitz?

6. What did Charles Babbage design?

7. When was the first analog computer built? How did people use it?

8. Who built the first digital computer?

9. How did the first generation of computers work?

10. What are the differences between the first and the second computer

generations?

11. When did the third-generation computers appear?

1) The ten fingers of a man's hands were the very first calculating device.

2) the abacus is a bead frame in which the beads are moved from left to right. People went on using some form of abacus well into the 16th century, it is being used in some parts of the world because it can be understood without knowing how to read.

3) During the 17th and 18th centuries many people tried to find easy ways of calculating.

4) Henry Briggs used Napier’s ideas to produce logarithm which all mathematicians used today.

5) Calculus, another branch of mathematics, was independently invented by both Sir Isaac Newton.

6) Charles Babbage, designed a machine that was called ‘The Analytical Engine’.

7) In 1930, the first analog computer was built by American named Vannevar Bush. The device was used in World War II to help aim guns.

8) Two engineers at the University of Pennsylvania, J. Eckert and J. Mayshly, built the first digital computer.

9) The first generation of computers, work by used vacuum tubes.

10) The second generation of computers could perform work ten times faster than their predecessors.

11) The third-generation computers appeared on the market in 1965.