31
Adverb
adv
Тактооч
Verb
v
Этиш
Auxiliary verb
vaux
Жардамчы этиш
Modal verb
vbmod
Moдалдык сөз
Interjection
ij
Сырдык сөз
Conjunction
cnj
Байламта
Subordinate conjunction
cnjsub
Багындырма байламта
Coordinate conjunction
cnjcoo
Багындырбас байламта
Kyrgyz has two numbers: single and plural. The plural form of the noun is
formed by adding
the suffix [-lar]. [-lar] has multple forms, with alternation in the vowel depending on the quality
of the final vowel in the root.
Collective numbers are used to indicate a group of items. They are formed with the suffix [-ish]
added to the cardinal number form. Moreover, it can be said to express mutual action.
Table 1.4.
Number
TAGS
Сан категориясы
Singular
sg
Жекелик сан
Plural
pl
Көптүк сан
Collective
coll
Кош сан
Possession in Kyrgyz is expressed with suffixes and the existential copula `bar'. The possessive
suffixes play a large role in acting as determiners and variables of agreement in a multitude of
sentences and constructions.
Table 1.5.
Possession
TAGS
Таандык категориясы
1
st
person
singular possessive
px1sg
1-жак таандык жекелик сан
32
2
nd
person singular possessive
px2sg
2-жак таандык жекелик сан
3
rd
person singular possessive
px3sg
3-жак таандык жекелик сан
1
st
person
plural possessive
px1pl
1-жак таандык көптүк сан
2
nd
person plural possessive
px2pl
2-жак таандык көптүк сан
3
rd
person plural possessive
px3pl
3-жак таандык көптүк сан
Kyrgyz has six grammatical cases: Nominatives, Accusative, Genitive, Dative, Ablative,
Locative. All Kyrgyz cases can be traced to the ancestral proto-Kipchak language.
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