Учебное пособие Казань-2016 Сайфуллина М. Н., Хабирова Н. М. English for Physicists

81 
4.
According to the experiment, when the magnet is moved towards the 
coil, the needle of galvanometer returns back to zero position. 
5.
When the magnet is held stationary at that position, the needle of 
galvanometer deflects in one direction. 
B.
 
Work with language 
I.
 
Put all possible questions to the following sentences. 
1.
The basic working principle of electrical generator is Faraday's law of 
mutual induction. 
2.
When current flows through the coil of copper wire placed below a 
cooking container, it produces a changing magnetic field. 
3.
Electrical Transformer is a static device which is used to either step
up or step down voltage or current. 
4.
Faraday's First Law states that any change in the magnetic field of a 
coil of wire will cause an emf to be induced in the coil. 
5.
Faraday's Second Law states that the magnitude of emf induced in the 
coil is equal to the rate of change of flux that linkages with the coil. 
II.
 
Guess the words: 
1.
xufl 
2.
eythro 
3.
ciloevty 
4.
talovge 
5.
peexriemnt 
III. Do you know that … 
The names 
electrode, electrolyte, ion, anode and cathode 
were 
suggested by William Whewell (b. 1794 Lancaster, d. 1866 Cambridge) on 
demand of Michael Faraday; Faraday had no formal education and asked
his friend Whewell to form two Greek words for him. For anode and 
cathode, Whewell took words that literally mean ‘upward street’ and 
‘downward street’. Faraday then popularized these terms, like the other 
words mentioned above. 

82 
IV.
 
Translate the text into Russian. Divide the text into logical parts. Write 
down key words to each passage. 
 
The first appliances built to generate electric currents were large 
rubbing machines. Then, in 1799 Alessandro Volta (b. 1745 Como, d. 1827 
Como) invented a new device to generate electricity and called it a pile; 
today its basic element is called a (voltaic) cell, a primary cell* or, less 
correctly, a battery. (Correctly speaking, a battery is a collection of cells, as 
the one found in a car.) Voltaic cells are based on chemical processes; they 
provide much more current and are smaller and easier to handle than 
electrostatic machines. The invention of the battery changed the 
investigation of electricity so profoundly that Volta became world famous. 
At last, a simple and reliable source of electricity was available for use in 
experiments; unlike rubbing machines, cells and piles are compact, work in 
all weather conditions and make no noise. An apple or a potato or a lemon 
with a piece of copper and one of zinc inserted is one of the simplest 
possible voltaic cells. It provides a voltage of about 1 V and can be used to 
run digital clocks or to produce clicks in headphones. Volta was also the 
discoverer of the charge ‘law’ q = CU for capacitors (C being the capacity, 
and U the voltage) and the inventor of the high sensitivity capacitor 
electroscope. A modest man, nevertheless, the unit of electrical potential, or 
‘tension’, as Volta used to call it, was deduced from his name. A ‘battery’ is 
a large number of voltaic cells; the term was taken from an earlier, almost 
purely military use. (Voltaic cells exist in all biological cells. For 
halobacteria, the internal voltaic cells are even essential to survival. Living 
in saltwater, internal voltaic cells help them to avoid death due to osmosis). 
A battery in a mobile phone is just an elaborated replacement for a number 
of apples or potatoes. 
(Adopted from 
www.famousscientists.org 
) 
 
 
V.
 
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