English for medical students посібник з англійської мови
Завдання для самостійної роботи студентів (СРС)
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пособие мед 2 (1) 2
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- TETANUS Exercise 1. Topic Vocabulary.
- Exercise 2. Read the words paying attention to the rules of reading
- Exercise 3. Form the words with the help of negative prefixes. Translate them into Russian
- Exercise 4. Read the words with the same root. State the part of speech and translate them into Russian
- Exercise 5. Translate the following word combinations
- Exercise 6. Translate the following sentences. Pay attention to the sentences with construction: one (ones), that of (those of).
- Exercise 7. Read and translate the text: TETANUS
Завдання для самостійної роботи студентів (СРС)
Exercise 1. Topic Vocabulary.
Exercise 2. Read the words paying attention to the rules of reading: c,s,t, before ia, ie, io [ ] Position, sufficient, remission, initial, patient, urination, expression, artificial, potential, incubation, special, infectious, facial, essential, permission, insufficient, motion, deficiency. Exercise 3. Form the words with the help of negative prefixes. Translate them into Russian: - dis: like, function, connect, agree, locate, place, continue, section, solvent. - ir: regular, responsible, relevant, resistible, radiation, reversible, reducible. - im: possible, practical, mobile, moral, balance, maturity, potency, purity. - un: necessary, reliable, fortunately, consciousness, dress, infected, mixed. - mal: formation, nutrition, occlusion, position, treatment, presentation, rotation. Exercise 4. Read the words with the same root. State the part of speech and translate them into Russian: Face – facial, slow – slowly; connect – connection; pelvis – pelvic; compose – composition; rapid – rapidly; base – basic; recover – recovery; remove – removal; survive – survival; tender – tenderness, restless – restlessness; breath – breathing. Exercise 5. Translate the following word combinations: Incubation period; infectious disease; typical facial expression, urination; in case; to gain entrance into the body; painful spasms; characteristic picture; angles of the mouth; severe headache; masticating muscles; severe pain; attack; fever. Exercise 6. Translate the following sentences. Pay attention to the sentences with construction: one (ones), that of (those of). 1. The condition of patient V. is worse than that of patient C. 2. The number of the vertebrae in the coccyx is less than the number of those in the back. 3. The bones of the lower extremities are longer than those of the upper ones. 4. This lecture is more interesting than the one I attended last week. 5. The walls of the left atrium are thicker than those of the right. 6. Some muscles are more elastic than the other ones. 7. I will examine your patient and that of Dr. Ivanov. 8. The wards in the new hospital are better equipped than those in our old one. Exercise 7. Read and translate the text: TETANUS Tetanus is an acute infectious disease characterized by painful spasms of the muscles and caused by the Bacillus tetani which gains entrance into the body through a wound or break in the skin. When they enter a deep wound, spores of the bacilli may produce a powerful toxin, tetanospasmin, which actively impairs motor neurons, nerves that control muscles. The effect of the toxin on motor neurons can cause muscle stiffness and spasms — the major signs of tetanus. Doctors diagnose tetanus based on a physical examination, medical and immunization history, and the signs and symptoms of muscle spasms, stiffness and pain. Laboratory tests generally aren't helpful for diagnosing tetanus. The incubation period varies on an average from 5 to 15 days. In general, the shorter the incubation period the more serious is the disease. The earliest symptoms are vague. The patient is restless, irritable; he suffers from nightmare, and may become delirious. Severe headache, difficulty in urination, and sweating may be noted. In the majority of cases following a short period when there is pain in the back of the neck and in the muscles of the jaw, a tonic spasm of the masticating muscles occurs so that the patient is unable to open his mouth, producing the characteristic picture known as lockjaw (trismus). Gradually all muscles of the body become affected except those of the forearm and of the hand. At the height of the disease there occurs the typical facial expression known as risus sardonicus, where the patient appears to be laughing, due to the drawing up of the angles of the mouth. The brows are contracted, the eyes are partly closed, the teeth are clenched tightly and the lips are slightly protruded. The body is arched in the position known as opisthotonus. Upon the slightest stimulus the entire body may go into a convulsive seizure of the utmost severity, accompanied by severe pain. There is no characteristic temperature; the patient may be afebrile or ran a fever as high as 104°F during the attacks. Complications include broken bones (the severity of spasms may cause the spine and other bones to break), disability (prolonged immobility due to the use of drugs can lead to permanent disability) and death. Death may ensue within the first 48 hours or at any time up to one week after onset. If the patient survives the first week, his chances of recovery are greatly improved, the spasms gradually lessening in frequency and severity. Since there's no cure for tetanus, treatment consists of wound care, medications to ease symptoms and supportive care. Cleaning the wound is essential in preventing growth of tetanus spores. This involves removing dirt, foreign objects and dead tissue from the wound. Some drugs (e.g. antitoxins, antibiotics, vaccines and sedatives) are also prescribed. жүктеу/скачать 0,8 Mb. Достарыңызбен бөлісу:
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