English for medical students посібник з англійської мови
жүктеу/скачать 0,8 Mb.
|
пособие мед 2 (1) 2
- Бұл бет үшін навигация:
- Exercise 8. Answer the questions
Most people don't realize that cancer is preventable in many cases. Learning what causes cancer and what the risk factors are is the first step in cancer prevention. Many cancer risk factors can be avoided, thus reducing the likelihood of developing cancer.Cancers that are closely linked to certain behaviors are the easiest to prevent. For example, choosing not to smoke tobacco or drink alcohol significantly lower the risk of several types of cancer - most notably lung, throat, mouth, and liver cancer. Even if you are a current tobacco user, quitting can still greatly reduce your chances of getting cancer. The aim of cancer treatment is to remove all or as much of the tumor as possible and to prevent the recurrence or spread of the primary tumor. The decision on which type of treatment is the most appropriate depends on the type and location of cancer, the extent to which it has already spread, the patient's age, sex, general health status and personal treatment preferences. The major types of treatment are: surgery, radiation, chemotherapy, immunotherapy, hormone therapy, and bone-marrow transplantation. Some cancer prevention is based on systematic screening in order to detect small irregularities or tumors as early as possible even if there are no clear symptoms present. Breast self-examination, mammograms, testicular self-examination, and Pap smears are common screening methods for various cancers. Exercise 8. Answer the questions: What disease is medically known as a malignant neoplasm? How may the cancer usually spread to more distant parts of the body? What tumors are considered to be non-cancerous? What groups are the known cancers that afflict a human classified into? What is known to increase the risk of cancer? What faults within cells to cause the disease? In what ways can cancer be detected? What is cancer usually treated with? What is considered to be the first step in cancer prevention? What are the most common screening methods for various cancers? жүктеу/скачать 0,8 Mb. Достарыңызбен бөлісу:
|