English for medical students посібник з англійської мови
AQUIRED IMMUNE DEFICIENCY SYNDROM (AIDS)
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- Exercise 2. Read the following paying attention to the rules of reading
- Exercise 3. Complete the table with missing forms
- Exercise 4. Read the word-combinations and translate them into your native language
- Exercise 5. Read and translate the text: AQUIRED IMMUNE DEFICIENCY SYNDROM
| AQUIRED IMMUNE DEFICIENCY SYNDROM (AIDS)
Exercise 1. Active vocabulary:
Exercise 2. Read the following paying attention to the rules of reading: -ea- [i:]: sick-leave, treatment, weak, speak, heat; -ea- [e]: head, bread, dead, death, health; -cian [ʃ(ə)n]: physician, obstetrician, pediatrician, phthisiatrician, musician; -tion [ʃ(ə)n]: examination, administration, medication, combination, injection; -sis (sing.) [sis] ––˃ -ses (pl.) [siz]: analysis – analyses, diagnosis – diagnoses, crisis – crises, synthesis – syntheses, thesis – theses. Exercise 3. Complete the table with missing forms:
Exercise 4. Read the word-combinations and translate them into your native language: A progressive failure of the immune system, life-threatening opportunistic infections, to thrive cancers, malignant tumours, a specific type of cells called a T helper, to trigger the immune system to infections, to share needles for IV drugs, to be susceptible to other diseases, transfusions of contaminated blood, swollen lymph nodes, a latency stage. Exercise 5. Read and translate the text: AQUIRED IMMUNE DEFICIENCY SYNDROM Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is a lentivirus (a member of the retrovirus family) that causes acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), a condition in humans in which progressive failure of the immune system allows life-threatening opportunistic infections and cancers to thrive. HIV infection in humans is considered pandemic by the World Health Organization (WHO). HIV infects about 0,6 % of the world’s population. Nearly 33,4 million people worldwide, including 2,1 million children are living with HIV/AIDS nowadays. Two main strains of the HIV, HIV-1 and HIV-2, cause AIDS. HIV-1 is more common in the Western Hemisphere, Europe, Asia and most of Africa. Most untreated people infected with HIV-1 eventually leads to AIDS. These individuals mostly die from opportunistic infections or malignant tumours associated with the progressive failure of the immune system. HIV-2 is more prevalent in West Africa: it is transmitted less easily and progresses less quickly to AIDS than HIV-1.In both strains, the virus may persist at low levels for years in a host without causing disease. The only sign of infection will be the presence of antibodies against the virus. Once immunodeficiency occurs, if left untreated, death usually follows within 2 to 3 years of the first onset of symptoms. The HIV itself doesn’t kill the patient. It destroys the immune system, leaving the patient susceptible to other diseases, especially certain types of cancer and pneumonia. These diseases are the immediate causes of death. HIV infects a specific type of cells called a T helper, but mainly it attacks T helper cells that have a protein known as CD4. This kind of cells is essential in triggering the immune system to infections or other foreign materials. After enough CD4 cells are destroyed, the body is no longer able to fight off infection or destroy cancerous cells. Transmission. The AIDS virus is transmitted through bodily fluids such as blood, breast milk, etc. Casual contact with the infected person doesn’t result in the transmission of the virus. The most efficient methods of HIV transmission include sexual, sharing needles for IV drugs, and receiving transfusions of contaminated blood or blood products. An infected mother may pass the virus to her unborn child. Susceptibility to HIV infection increases if there is a break in the skin or mucous membrane, which allows the virus to enter the blood stream. The stages of HIV infection are acute infection (also known as primary infection), latency and AIDS. During 2-4 weeks post-exposure a person may develop an influenza-like illness called HIV acute infection the symptoms of which may include fever, swollen lymph nodes, pharyngitis, rash etc and last for several weeks. The latency stage involves few or no symptoms at all and can last from 2 weeks to 20 years. AIDS, the final stage of HIV infection, is defined by low CD4+T cells count, various opportunistic infections and cancers. жүктеу/скачать 0,8 Mb. Достарыңызбен бөлісу:
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