Грамматика английского языка
participle. However, not can follow the -ing form or the past participle, de-
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Lisicina Grammatika angl azika
participle. However, not can follow the -ing form or the past participle, de- pending on meaning: • Not wanting to wake her, Steve left the house silently. (=As Steve didn’t want to wake her, he left the house silently.) • Preferring not to go out that night, I made an excuse . (=As I preferred not to go out that night, I made an excuse.) o Where a passive form is expected, this is often shortened to a past participle. • Having been abandoned by his colleagues, the Minister was forced to resign. → Abandoned by his colleagues, the Minister was forced to resign. o In general, using a Participial phrase instead of a clause beginning with a conjunc- tion (when, because, as, etc.) or an attributive clause makes what we say or write 28 more formal. Participial phrases like this are used particularly in formal or li- terary writing. c) of manner or attendant circumstances. Participle I Indefinite is mostly used in this meaning and it denotes some action or event parallel to the action or state expressed by the predicate. • He sat in the armchair reading a book. • She was silent, looking at her hands. • I wrote to him a friendly letter, thanking him for his help. • Little bare-legged children ran about him, playing on the grass. o We often use an -ing phrase in written narrative after direct speech, when we want to say what someone was doing while they were talking: • ‘Wait a minute,’ said Frank, running through the door. d) of comparison . жүктеу/скачать 1,3 Mb. Достарыңызбен бөлісу:
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