Participle I is always introduced by the conjunctions as if or as though.
•
He looked at her as if wanting to ask her something.
•
He looked from side to side as though trying to escape.
•
“What's wrong with his arm?” - he asked as if not knowing the reason.
•
He said this as if thinking aloud.
Он сказал это, как будто думал вслух.
e)
Occasionally Participle I occurs
as an adverbial modifier of concession
.
Participle I is introduced by the conjunction though, although.
•
Somebody was waiting: a man who, though moving irregularly was making quite
a speed in my direction.
•
The meal continued and he soon partook in it, although remaining aloof from the
conversation.
(
aloof
- равнодушный
,
индифферентный)
f) Occasionally Participle I occurs
as an adverbial modifier of condition
.
•
She ought to be there and her absence might be resented, but being there she
wouldn’t know what to say.
Ей следует быть там, и ее отсутствие, возможно, не понравится, но,
если бы она была там, она не знала бы, что сказать.
•
Well, we’ll be in Scotland before we know where we are, going at this speed.
А
мы будем в Шотландии, прежде чем поймем, где мы,
если будем двигаться с такой скоростью.
III. Participle I as a predicative
.
In this function only Participle I Indefinite Active is used, its adjectival character
being predominant
(преобладающий)
. Although keeping the form of the participle, it is
treated as an adjective or an adjectivized participle.
•
The film was quite boring.
(‘boring’ is the subjective predicative)
29
•
The effect of his words was shocking.
Впечатление, произведенное его словами, было шоки-
рующим.
•
The story is amusing
. (‘amusing’ is the subjective predicative) (Cf. I find the story amus-
ing. ‘amusing’ is the objective predicative.)
•
Your answer is surprising.
(Cf. I consider your answer surprising. ‘surprising’ is the ob-
jective predicative.)
•
The children are amusing
= they seem amusing to me.
(But: They are amusing me.
‘amusing’ - Participle I is part of the Present Continuous Tense.)
•
The music is deafening
= it seems deafening to me; I find it deafening.
(But: The music
is deafening me. ‘deafening’ - Participle I is part of the Present Continuous Tense.)
IV. Participle I as part of a complex object.
•
We saw the train approaching the station.
•
We heard John and Peter singing.
•
I found him sitting at the breakfast table.
•
In the dark the old man could feel the morning coming.
IV.
Participle I as part of a complex subject/part of a compound verbal
predicate.
•
She was heard talking over the telephone.
•
Paul was found working in the garden.
•
I was kept waiting an hour or so.
•
The boy was caught teasing the cat.
V.
Participial phrase as parenthesis.
•
Generally speaking, I don’t think so.
Вообще говоря, я так не думаю.
•
Strictly speaking, the excuse was not necessary.
(the excuse
- извинение, отговорка, оправдание)
•
Judging from/by what you say, he ought to succeed.
•
I’m not to this day absolutely sure of where, geographically speaking, Jones’
home lay.
•
judging by appearances
- судя по внешности
•
roughly speaking
- приблизительно, примерно, грубо говоря, на глаз, ориентировочно
•
strictly speaking
- строго говоря
•
putting it mildly
- мягко выражаясь
•
frankly speaking
- откровенно говоря
•
taking everything into consideration
- принимая все во внимание
30
◄► Summary of Functions of Participle I ◄►
Function Example
I. an attribute
•
Britain is an ageing society.
II. an adverbial modifier
a) of time
b) of cause
c) of manner or attendant
circumstances
d) of comparison
e) of concession
f) of condition
•
Turning the corner, we saw the hospital in front of us.
•
Having passed my driving test, I was able to buy my first car.
•
Not being qualified, she will be unable to answer your questions.
Having lost his address, I couldn’t write to him.
•
She spent all yesterday afternoon cleaning the flat.
•
He didn’t move as if waiting for further questions from me.
•
The meal continued and he soon partook in it, although remaining
aloof from the conversation.
(aloof -
равнодушный
)
•
Well, we’ll be in Scotland before we know where we are, going at this
speed.
А мы будем в Шотландии, прежде чем поймем, где мы, если будем двигаться с такой
скоростью.
III. a predicative
•
The students’ tests results were pleasing.
IV. part of a complex
object
•
We heard two people talking in the room.
V. part of a complex sub-
ject / part of a compound
verbal predicate
•
They were seen leaving the room.
VI. Participial phrase as
parenthesis
•
Judging from what critics say, this new play is worth seeing.
31
► Exercises ◄
Exercise 12.
The Functions of Participle I in the Sentence.
A. Participle I as an attribute. Translate the following sentences from English into
Russian.
1.
The police investigating the crime are looking for three men.
(The police are inves-
tigating the crime.)
2.
Who were those people waiting outside?
(They were waiting.)
3.
I was woken up by a bell ringing.
(A bell was ringing.)
4.
Problems facing parents should be discussed.
5.
He lives in a charming house outside the town.
6.
We went along the street leading to the seashore.
7.
Emma sat in the armchair facing the door
8.
Increasing prices are making food very expensive.
9.
Do you know the students translating the text?
10.
Have you read the text being translated by the students?
11.
There were some children swimming in the river.
12.
Is there anybody waiting?
13.
He grew more and more nervous as he thought of the approaching interview.
14.
The platform was crowded with people waving good-bye to friends and relatives.
15.
The picture hanging over the fireplace is a family heirloom.
(
heirloom
- фамильная
ценность)
16.
(
В предложении
‘We stood on the bridge connecting two halves of the building.
- Мы
стояли на мосту, соединявшим две половины здания.’ - логическим подлежащим причастия ‘connecting’
является ‘bridge’.
= We stood on the bridge which connected two halves of the build-
ing.)
B. Participle I as an adverbial modifier of time. Translate the following sentences
from English into Russian.
1.
Seeing him on the other side of the street, I called him.
2.
Arriving at the party, we saw Ruth standing alone.
(=When we arrived at the party,
we saw Ruth standing alone.)
3.
Glancing over his shoulder, he could see the dog chasing him.
(=When he glanced
over his shoulder, he could see the dog chasing him.)
4.
Jim hurt his arm (while) playing tennis.
(=while he was playing)
5.
Be careful (when) crossing the street.
(=when you are crossing)
6.
Reaching her room, she turned on all the lights.
7.
When travelling, now and then I watched the sunrise.
8.
Taking a key out of his pocket, he opened the door.
(If one short action follows
another short action, you can use the simple ‘-ing form’.)
9.
Reading a newspaper, I heard the doorbell ring.
10.
Having found a hotel, we looked for somewhere to have dinner.
11.
Having sent the invitation, I felt a sense of relief.
32
12.
Having completed the book, he had a holiday.
(=After he had completed the book,
he had a holiday.)
13.
Having passed my driving test, I was able to buy my first car.
(= After I had
passed my driving test, I was able to buy my first car.)
or: I was able to buy my first
car, having passed my driving test.
14.
Having received their final medical check, the astronauts boarded their space-
craft.
15.
Having finished the painting, he gave a sigh of relief.
16.
Living in Los Angeles, Brad was one of those ever-optimistic movie wannabes.
(
wannabe
–
разг., сокр. от “want to be, wanna be” 1) фанат, поклонник (o человеке, стремящемся во всём похо-
дить на своего кумира)
2) амбициозный человек; человек, нацеленный на ч-л. (о человеке, стремящемся к чему-
либо
)
C. Participle I as an adverbial modifier of cause. Translate the following sentences
from English into Russian.
1.
Feeling tired, Louise went to bed early.
(=As Louise felt tired, she went to bed early.)
2.
Being a newcomer, he felt ill at ease.
3.
Being an orphan at six, he was brought up by a distant relative.
4.
Being hungry, I ate.
5.
Being left alone, Paulina and I kept silent for some time.
6.
Being imported, the radios were more expensive.
7.
Being slim, he could squeeze through the opening in the fence.
8.
Knowing exactly what I wanted, I didn’t spend much time shopping.
9.
Even then he wasn’t able to watch her, not having eyes in the back of his head.
10.
Not knowing his address, I cannot write to him.
11.
Hearing a noise in the garden, I looked out of the window.
12.
Being unemployed, he hasn’t got much money
. (=Because he is unemployed, he
hasn’t got much money.)
13.
Not having a car, he finds it difficult to get around.
(=Because he does not have a
car, he finds it difficult to get around.)
14.
Having lived in England for many years, he knew English well.
15.
Having already seen the film twice, I didn’t want to go to the cinema.
16.
Having been invited to the party, we could hardly refuse to go.
17.
Having been told to wait, she waited.
18.
Having forgotten to take my keys, I had to borrow a set from my landlord.
(=
Because I had forgotten my keys, I had to borrow a set from my landlord.)
19.
Having decided on this course of action some time ago, I was unable to stay at
home.
20.
(
В предложении
‘Feeling tired, I went to bed.
- Почувствовав усталость, я лег спать’.
- логическим подлежащим причастия
‘feeling’
является
‘I’. = As I felt tired, I went
to bed -
Так как я почувствовал усталость, я лег спать.
)
D. Participle I as an adverbial modifier of manner or attendant circumstances.
Translate the following sentences from English into Russian.
1.
She was silent, fidgeting with the spoon in her saucer.
33
2.
He came in limping.
3.
They walked by the lake holding hands.
4.
The children rushed into the room laughing loudly.
5.
Little bare-legged children ran about him, playing on the grass.
6.
He looked at me smiling.
7.
The captain walked up and down looking straight before him.
8.
I read it to her twice. Each time she listened carefully, giving her comments.
E. Participle I as an adverbial modifier
of comparison.
Translate the following
sentences from English into Russian.
1.
She paced up and down the room restlessly as if trying to make some decision.
2.
He kept silent as if waiting for further explanation.
3.
Lena gave me a very long look indeed as though seeing me for the first time.
4.
She stopped speaking as if waiting for him to speak.
5.
He listened as though brooding.
(to brood
– размышлять)
6.
He was silent for a while as though pausing for a reply.
7.
My friend gave me no answer as if dreaming.
8.
She looked at me as if expecting me to say something.
9.
As if obeying him, I turned and stared into his face.
10.
She looked at me as if waiting for an answer.
11.
And then she glanced quickly at Ray as if seeking to see whether it was all right
for her to laugh a little.
F. Participle I as a predicative. Translate the following sentences from English into
Russian.
1.
The present situation is terrifying.
2.
His argument was convincing.
3.
Your suggestion is very tempting.
4.
She remained standing.
5.
Last night’s concert was extremely exciting.
G. Participle I as part of a complex object. Translate the following sentences from
English into Russian.
1.
I saw him running across the field.
2.
I have never seen him playing football.
3.
I could hear the wind whistling all night.
4.
A huge crowd watched the firemen fighting the blaze.
5.
I found the child crying bitterly.
6.
Can you smell something burning?
7.
I won’t have him speaking like that.
8.
I cannot have them working so much.
34
H. Participle I as part of a complex subject/part of a compound verbal predicate.
Translate the following sentences from English into Russian.
1.
He was seen going towards the river bank.
2.
He could be seen following her with his eyes.
3.
She was heard playing the piano.
4.
At the same moment the carriage was heard rolling up the gravel-walk.
(дорожка из
гравия)
5.
They were left waiting outside.
I. Participial phrase as parenthesis. Translate the following sentences from English
into Russian.
1.
Generally speaking, this novel is worth reading.
2.
Judging from what you say, it had an influence on him.
3.
Judging by recent events, the Government appears to be gaining popularity.
4.
Putting it mildly, I consider the plan to be unwise.
5.
Frankly speaking, I’m not quite sure how to do it.
Exercise 13. Read these sentences. Give similar examples of your own. Participle I.
While listening to music,
I
forget my troubles.
forgot all my troubles.
will not think of my troubles.
While reading for an ex-
amination,
he always
studies in the reading-hall.
used to study in the Public Library.
will work systematically.
Having received a letter,
I usually
answer it at once.
wrote an answer in a day or two.
shall immediately answer it.
Having finished his work,
she usually
goes to the dining-hall.
went to the dining-hall at once.
will not go to the dining-hall this afternoon.
Exercise 14.
Point out Participle I and state its functions in the sentence.
1. She sat very still, and the train rattled on in the dying twilight. 2. I sat quite silent,
watching his face, a strong and noble face. 3. He wished to say something sympathet-
ic, but, being an Englishman, could only turn away his eyes. 4. She was always to
him a laughing girl, with dancing eyes full of eager expectation. 5. Having overheard
part of their conversation, I thought it best to remain hidden until after they had left.
6. The door opened and he entered, carrying his head as though it held some fatal se-
cret. 7. I’m afraid it’s the moon looking so much like a slice of melon.
(melon -
дыня)
8.
Lying he spoke more quickly than when he told the truth. 9. I hadn’t slept the night
before, and, having eaten a heavy lunch, was agreeably drowsy. When driving in
London itself, she had as immediate knowledge of its streets as any taxi-driver. 11.
35
“What nice lunch,” said Clare, eating the sugar at the bottom of her coffee cup. 12.
While eating and drinking, they talked loudly in order that all present might hear
what they said. 13. When she saw Philip standing alone, staring at her from across the
room, her face lighted. 14. I received from her another letter saying that she was pass-
ing through Paris and would like to have a chat with me. 15. I sat on the doorstep
holding my little sister in my arms thinking over my chances of escaping from home.
16. I used to tell all my troubles to Mrs. Winkshap, our neighbour living next door.
17. “It’s a quarter past seven,” he said trying as hard as he could to keep relief from
his voice. 18. As he wrote, bending over his desk, his mouth worked.
Exercise 15. Participle I as an attribute. Read the following sentences. (
Перевод анг-
лийских причастий на русский язык.)
1. Do you know the name of the man
reading a newspaper?
2. The man giving a lecture showed
many diagrams.
3. The student being asked by the teach-
er now is Petrov
(who is being asked).
4. The house being built in this street is
designed for our workers
(=which is being
built).
5. He showed us a list of scientific maga-
zines usually received by their library
(=which are usually received).
6. The books written by Tolstoy are read
with great interest all over the world
(which were written).
7. You may find such articles in the mag-
azine published monthly by our research
Institute
(=which is published).
8. The book taken by me from Petrov is
very interesting
(= which has been taken).
-Вы знаете фамилию человека, читаю-
щего газету?
-Человек, читавший лекцию, показы-
вал много диаграмм.
-Студент, спрашиваемый преподавателем
сейчас, Петров.
-Дом, строящийся сейчас на этой ули-
це, предназначен для наших рабочих.
-Он показал нам список научных жур-
налов, получаемых обычно их
библиотекой.
-Книги, написанные Толстым, читаются
с большим интересом во всем мире.
-Вы можете найти такие статьи в жур-
нале, издаваемом ежемесячно нашим
исследовательским институтом. -Книга,
взятая мной у Петрова, очень инте-
ресная.
1. Русское действительное причастие прошедшего времени (с суффиксом -вш)
переводится на английский язык формой Present Participle
(делавший - doing;
читавший - reading)
, если выражает действие, одновременное действию, выра-
женному глаголом-сказуемым.
1. The students translating this article at
the examination used dictionaries.
- Студенты, переводившие эту статью
на экзамене, пользовались словарями
2. При переводе русского действительного причастия прошедшего времени,
выражающего предшествование, на английский язык, надо помнить об отсут-
ствии эквивалентной формы в английском языке. Такое причастие переводится
36
на английский язык определительным придаточным предложением в требуе-
мом времени.
1. The students who translated this ar-
ticle yesterday say that it is very difficult.
2. The student who has written (wrote)
this article is here.
- Студенты, переводившие эту ста-
тью вчера, говорят, что она трудная.
- Студент, написавший эту статью,
сейчас присутствует здесь.
Exercise 16.
Translate the sentences into English using attributive participial
phrases where possible (Participle I).
1. Старик, работавший в саду, не сразу заметил меня. 2. Высокий человек ока-
зался инженером, работавшим на этом заводе несколько лет тому назад. 3.
Мальчика, продававшего газеты, уже не было видно. 4. Все, читавшие юмори-
стические рассказы этого писателя, не могут не восхищаться ими. 5. Студенты,
читавшие этот очерк, говорят, что он труден для перевода. 6. Мой друг, посе-
тивший Панамский канал, рассказывает много интересного о своем путешест-
вии. 7. Туристы, посетившие Музей Изобразительных Искусств
(Fine Arts Museum)
одновременно со мной, выражали вслух свое восхищение. 8. Наконец молодой
человек, читавший иллюстрированный журнал, поднял голову и взглянул на
меня. 9. Человек, спрашивавший дорогу к мосту Ватерлоо, вдруг куда-то исчез.
10. Молодой рабочий, спрашивавший меня, откуда я приехал, показался мне
знакомым, я определенно его уже видел. Но где? 11. Наши друзья, работавшие
на Дальнем Востоке, вернулись в Москву. 12. Микки
(Micky)
, переводивший
трудную статью, даже не взглянул на меня. 13. Мики, переводивший эту ста-
тью, говорит, что мы должны непременно прочесть ее в оригинале.
Exercise 17. Participle I as an adverbial modifier. Перевод английских причас-
тий на русский язык.
В функции обстоятельства могут употребляться все пять форм причастия. На рус-
ский язык такое причастие может переводиться деепричастием или соответствующим
обстоятельственным придаточным предложением.
1. Asking me about it, he smiled. (=
When he was asking me about it, he
smiled.)
Спрашивая меня об этом, он улыбнул-
ся. (Когда он спрашивал меня …)
2. Asking the teacher to explain this rule
again and again, he showed that he
couldn’t understand it. (As he asked the
teacher to explain …)
Прося преподавателя объяснить это
правило еще и еще раз, он показал, что
он не может понять его (=Так как он
просил преподавателя объяснить...)
3. He turned to Petrov asking him (and
asked him) to bring today’s newspaper.
Он обратился к Петрову, прося его (и по-
просил) принести сегодняшнюю газету.
4. I am afraid I’ll tire you asking you so
many questions.
- Я боюсь, что утомлю вас, задавая так
много вопросов.
5. Running home, the boy lost one of his
mittens. (When the boy was running...)
Когда мальчик бежал домой, он поте-
рял одну из рукавичек.
37
6. While learning the pronunciation of
these words, we learned their meaning.
Пока мы учили (изучая) произношение
этих слов, мы выучили их значение.
7. Being busy, he refused an invitation.
(As he was busy…)
- Будучи занятым, он отказался от
приглашения (так как он был занят)
8. Being asked to take part in this work,
he agreed at once.
(= Asked… = When
asked… = When he was asked to take part...)
Когда его попросили принять участие в
этой работе, он сразу согласился.
9. Being interested in this problem, he
joined our expedition. (= As he was in-
terested in this problem, ...)
Интересуясь этой проблемой (так как
он интересовался), он присоединился
к нашей экспедиции.
10. Asked to help me, he called me at
once. (Asked… = Being asked… = When
asked… = When he was asked…)
Когда (так как) его попросили помочь
мне, он сразу мне позвонил.
11. Having asked the doctor about his
child’s state, he left the room. (= After he
had asked the doctor…)
Спросив доктора о состоянии здоровья
своего ребенка, он вышел из комнаты
(после того как он спросил…).
12. Having been asked, the students
went to the cinema. (=After the students
had been asked, they went …)
После того как студенты были опро-
шены, они пошли в кино.
13. Having been adopted, the resolution
must be carried out.
Так как резолюция принята, ее нужно
выполнять.
o
Перевод на русский язык причастий от глагола: to throw
- бросать, бро-
сить:
a) Active Voice;
Present Participle
throwing – бросающий, бросавший, бросая, бросив
1. The boy throwing stones into the pond
is my brother.
Мальчик, бросающий камни в пруд,
мой брат.
2. The boys throwing stones into the
pond laughed loudly.
Мальчики, бросавшие камни в пруд,
громко смеялись.
3. The boys stood on the bank throwing
stones into the pond.
Мальчики стояли на берегу, бросая
камни в пруд.
4. Throwing the letter into the fire he left
the room.
Бросив письмо в огонь, он вышел из
комнаты.
Perfect Participle
;
having thrown - бросив
1. Having thrown the ball into the water,
the boy could not get it back.
-Бросив мяч в воду, мальчик не мог
достать его.
38
b) Passive Voice;
Present Participle
being thrown – бросаемый, будучи брошен
Форма будучи брошен в современном русском языке малоупотребительна, и
при переводе Present Participle Passive вместо нее обычно употребляется прида-
точное предложение:
1. The stones being thrown by the boys
are falling into the water.
Камни, бросаемые мальчиками, пада-
ют в воду.
2. Being thrown with great force, the
stone reached the opposite bank.
Так как камень был брошен (будучи
брошен) с большой силой, он долетел
до противоположного берега.
Past Participle;
thrown – бросаемый, брошенный
1. Stones thrown into the water go to the
bottom.
Камни, бросаемые в воду, идут ко дну.
2. The stone thrown by the boy reached
the opposite bank.
Камень, брошенный мальчиком, доле-
тел до противоположного берега.
Perfect Participle;
having been thrown – так как был брошен (быв брошен)
Форма быв брошен в современном русском языке неупотребительна, и при пе-
реводе Present Participle Passive употребляется придаточное предложение.
1. Having once been thrown into the
water by the children, the dog always ran
away when it saw them.
Так как собака была однажды броше-
на детьми в воду, она всегда убегала
при виде их.
Exercise 18. Translate the following sentences from Russian into English.
1. Читая английские книги в оригинале, он обычно пользуется словарем. 2. Чи-
тая повесть Фурманова «Чапаев», я вспоминал годы гражданской войны
(civil
war).
3. Читая эту книгу, я буду выписывать новые слова и выражения. 4. Про-
читав книгу, я сразу возвращаю ее в библиотеку. 5. Прочитав вашу книгу, я сра-
зу же передам ее вашей приятельнице. 6. Увидев автобус, я решила не ждать
трамвая. 7. Услышав свист, собака насторожилась.
(to prick up one’s ears)
Exercise 19.
Use the appropriate form of Participle I of the verbs in brackets.
1. (to look) out of the window, she saw there was a man working in the garden. 2.
That night, (to go) up to his room Shelton thought of his unpleasant duty. 3. (to in-
form) of their arrival the day before, he was better prepared to meet them than any
one of us. 4. The carriage was almost full, and (to put) his bag up in the rack, he took
his seat. 5. (to know) that she couldn’t trust Jim, she sent Peter instead. 6. (to do) all
that was required, he was the last to leave the office. 7. (to return) home in the after-
noon, she became conscious of her mistake. 8. He couldn’t join his friends (to be)
still busy in the laboratory. 9. (to finish) his work, he seemed more pleased than
usual. 10 (to get) out of bed, she ran to the window and drew the curtain aside. 11.
He left the room again, (to close) the door behind him with a bang. 12. (to turn) to
39
the main street, he ran into Donald and Mary (to return) from school. 13. (to return)
from the expedition, he wrote a book about Central Africa.
Exercise 20.
Replace the attributive and adverbial clauses in the following sen-
tences by participial phrases (Participle I).
Pattern:
1. We were tired and thirsty, for we had been on the road since eight o’clock in the
morning, and it was a hot day. → We were tired and thirsty, having been on the road
since eight o’clock in the morning, and it was a hot day.
2. One day towards evening when both the old people were sitting in front of their
cottage, they caught sight of a young girl with a bundle
(пакет; свёрток)
in her hand. →
One day towards evening when sitting in front of their cottage, both the old people
caught sight of a young girl with a bundle in her hand.
3. I hailed the first taxi that passed by and reached the station at ten minutes to three.
4. One morning, as Johnny was looking out of the window, he saw in his neighbour’s
orchard a great number of fine red apples which had fallen from the trees. 5. “Villain!
(злодей, негодяй)
” cried he, as he ran down to him. 6. “Oh, sir,” said the poor boy who
was trembling with fear, “it isn’t my fault.” 7. “May I come in?” she said as she
pushed the door a little wider open. 8. “I’m late,” she remarked, as she sat down and
drew off her gloves. 9. As he did not know the way to the station very well, he often
stopped to ask people who were passing by. 10. The path which was leading through
the coppice
(рощица)
soon got lost in the high grass. 11. The old woman told me with
pride that the healthy-looking child that was playing beside us was her grandson. 12.
She returned presently and brought a tray with a jug of milk.
Exercise 21.
Replace the participial phrases in the following sentences by attributive
or adverbial clauses (Participle I).
Pattern:
1. A middle-aged woman, wearing a print apron, stood at the door of the cottage.
→A middle-aged woman, who was wearing a print apron, stood at the door of the
cottage. 2. She looked down at the floor as though seeing something there. → She
looked down at the floor as though she saw something there.
3. On a sunny afternoon arriving at the house in Malta Street, Jacob found it deserted.
4. A snake sleeping in the grass will bite if any one treads upon it. 5. Suddenly, while
watching the fear she was trying to hide, he believed her story. 6. The golden light,
still lying in sheets upon the water, dazzled
(ослеплять)
Nan for a moment. 7. I felt a bit-
ter envy towards the two small boys walking along the path with their mother at that
moment. 8. The letter beginning with “Dear sir” was not signed. 9. Jim, not being
sure of her real intentions, merely looked at her and paused for a moment. 10. Having
satisfied himself that each guest had a plate of food and a glass of water, he was an-
xious to make conversation. 11. Returning home late at night, he found everybody in
40
bed. 12. Reaching the top of the hill, my companion stopped. 14. Having filled his
pockets with apples, the boy was about to run away when he saw the owner of the
garden with a stick in his hand.
Exercise 22. Make one sentence from two. Use the information in brackets to make
participial phrases with Participle I used as an attribute. Sometimes the participial
phrase goes in the middle of the new sentence; sometimes it goes at the end.
1. I was woken up by a bell. (The bell was ringing.) … I was woken up by a bell
ringing … .
2. 1 didn’t talk much to the man. (The man was sitting next to me on the plane.)
3. The taxi broke down. (The taxi was taking us to the airport.)
4. At the end of the street there is a path. (The path leads to the river.)
5. A new factory has just opened in the town. (The factory employs 500 people.)
6. The company sent me a brochure. (The brochure contained all the information I
needed.)
Exercise 23.
Translate the sentences into English using Participle I.
1. Будьте осторожны, пересекая улицу. 2. Написав сочинение, она начала гото-
вить другое задание. 3. Студенты, не уделяющие внимания грамматике, никогда
не овладеют английским языком. 4. Мы сидели в саду и разговаривали о нашей
поездке по Волге. 5. Сбежав с лестницы, она остановилась на мгновение, как
бы колеблясь, в каком направлении пойти. 6. Объяснив всё подробно
(in detail)
,
он спокойно сел на свое место. 7. Очутившись одна на улице, она сразу пожа-
лела о том, что случилось. 8. Схватив сына на руки,
Элиза бросилась бежать. 9.
Молодой человек, стоявший у окна, внимательно посмотрел на меня. 10. Про-
водив сына, они медленно возвращались с вокзала. 11. Театры Ист Энда часто
показывают пьесы, затрагивающие различные современные проблемы. 12. Уто-
пающий за соломинку хватается. 13. Заметив меня, она остановилась. 14. Стро-
го говоря, это не совсем то, что я хотела сказать. 15. Приехав домой, он увидел,
что его ждут. 16. Услышав шаги на пустынной улице, она насторожилась
(to
prick up one’s ears).
Exercise 24. Join the pairs of sentences using Participle I as an adverbial modifier
of time.
Pattern: The pilot was flying over the Channel. He saw what he thought to be a
meteorite. → While flying over the Channel, the pilot saw what he thought to be
a meteorite.
1. He was travelling by air from New York to London. He was taken ill. 2. I
visit a strange city. I like to have a guide-book with me.
(Use: when)
3. He did
his homework. Then he went to the skating-rink. 4. He was reading those
books. He came across an old and valuable map. 5. He entered the room. He
took off his hat.6. The workmen were digging the foundation of a new office
block. They unearthed the remains of a Roman villa. 7. She looked out of the
41
window. She saw the neighbour’s children planting a tree. 8. He seized a sheet
of paper and a pen. He began to write. 9. The voice announced the arrival of the
train at platform 3. The voice shut itself off with a click.
Exercise 25. Join the pairs of sentences using Participle I as an adverbial
modifier of cause.
Pattern: They decided to re-visit Moscow. They were struck by the beauty of
its buildings on their previous visit. → Having been struck by the beauty of
its buildings on their previous visit, they decided to re-visit Moscow.
1. Mrs. Smith came up to the platform just in time. Mrs. Smith did not miss her train.
2. We decided not to go any further that day. We put up at the nearest hotel. 3. I
bear in mind the fact that he has never done anything wrong before. I think he
should be let off. 4. He turned down the job he was offered. He was reluctant to
commit himself to a long contract. 5. She had decided it was a proper thing to
do. She was surprised when she got absolutely no results. 6. The champion de-
cided to withdraw from the tennis tournament. He had decided that he had little
chance of winning the competition. 7. We had heard nothing further from him.
We assumed he wasn’t coming. 8. My room-mate is studious
(прилежный,
старательный).
My room-mate does not like the radio on all the time. 9. This cardigan
was dyed at the dry-cleaner’s. It looks quite new now. 10. His friends are not very
punctual. His friends were two hours late in keeping their appointment.
Exercise 26. Translate the following sentences from Russian into English using Parti-
ciple I as an adverbial modifier of time.
1. Просматривая старые газеты, он обнаружил интересную статью об универси-
тетах Англии. 2. Когда он был школьником, он играл в футбол. 3. Прочитав
книгу, он вернул ее в библиотеку. 4. Придя домой, она обнаружила дверь откры-
той. 5. Выслушав его объяснение, мы решили, что он прав. 6. Когда мы были в
Санкт-Петербурге, мы посетили Эрмитаж. 7. Попрощавшись с друзьями, он уе-
хал на вокзал. 8. Будьте осторожны, переходя улицу. 9. Приехав в Лондон, мы
сразу же пошли осматривать достопримечательности. 10. Когда будете обсуждать
этот вопрос, не забудьте коснуться этих фактов.
Exercise 27. Translate the following sentences from Russian into English using Parti-
ciple I as an adverbial modifier of cause.
1. Не зная, что ответить, она покраснела. 2. Прожив в этом городе двадцать лет,
он знал здесь каждую улицу. 3. Они не могли попасть в дом, потому что поте-
ряли ключ. 4. Я не смогла ее навестить, потому что не знала ее адреса. 5. Не зная
языка, он не понимал, о чем говорили. 6. Так как у нас было много свободного
времени до начала представления, мы решили пойти в театр пешком. 7. Увидев
свою ошибку, он перестал спорить. 8. Будучи уверенным, что он прав, он чувство-
вал себя спокойным и безмятежным.
42
Exercise 28. Translate the following sentences from Russian into English using Parti-
ciple I as an adverbial modifier of attendant circumstances.
1. Он шел медленно, время от времени останавливался и что-то спрашивал у про-
хожих. 2. Она стояла и думала, что ответить. 3. Он смотрел на дверь, ожидая, ко-
гда она откроется. 4. Она провела все утро за уборкой квартиры. 5. Он смотрел на
нее, улыбаясь. 6. Она закрыла глаза, стараясь вспомнить, где она видела эту де-
вушку. 7. Я провела весь вечер, перечитывая письма. 8. Они гуляли в саду и любо-
вались цветами. 9. Наконец мы все собрались, ожидая, когда подадут обед. 10.
Она отвечала на мои вопросы спокойно, стараясь выглядеть безразличный.
Exercise 29. Translate the following sentences from Russian into English using Parti-
ciple I as an adverbial modifier of comparison.
1. Она задумчиво посмотрела на меня, словно всерьез воспринимая то, что
я сказал. 2. Он двигался очень медленно, как будто плыл. 3. Он сидел
один, оперев голову на руки, словно слушая музыку. 4. Девушка продол-
жала читать, как будто не слышала, что звонит телефон. 5. Она прекратила
говорить, как будто ждала, когда я заговорю. 6. Она странно посмотрела на
меня, как будто видела в первый раз. 7. Девушка медлила, словно не знала,
что делать. 8. Они разговаривали очень громко, словно старались перекри-
чать друг друга. 9. Она не отвечала, как будто не понимала мой вопрос.
Exercise 30. Use the words in brackets to make sentences using ‘there is/there
was/were’ + Participle I.
1. That house is empty. (nobody/live/in it) …….. There’s nobody living in it. …
2. The accident wasn’t serious. (nobody/injure)…. There was nobody injured. …
3. I can hear footsteps. (somebody/come)……….. There …………….……….…
4. The train was full. (a lot of people/travel) ……………………………………
5. We were the only guests at the hotel. (nobody else/stay there) ………………
6. The piece of paper was blank. (nothing/write/on it) …………………………
7. There are regular English courses at the college. (a course/begin/next Monday)….
Exercise 31. Match the sentences in the most likely way, and write them as one sen-
tence using an -ing clause.
1.
Some wooden beams hold up the roof.
2.
Some teachers attended the meeting.
3.
Some people were driving past.
4.
A man was operating the equipment.
5.
A girl is waiting for the bus.
6.
Some steps lead down to the river.
a. They waved to us.
b. He was dressed in protective clothing.
c. They decided to go on strike.
d. They are dangerous.
e. They have been damaged.
f. She is Jack’s daughter.
1. + e. → The wooden beams holding up the roof have been damaged.
43
Exercise 32. Rewrite the sentences. Put the quoted speech first, and use a Participial
phrase with Participle I.
1.
As I grabbed Don by the arm, I said, ‘Look, it’s Tim’s car.’ →… ‘Look, it’s
Tim’s car,’ I said, grabbing Don by the arm.
2.
As she pointed to the empty table, Sandra said, ‘It was here a moment ago.’→...
3.
As she turned over in bed, Helen groaned, ‘I’ll get up in an hour or so.’ → …
4.
As Mark smiled cheerfully at them, he exclaimed, ‘Well, I’m back.’ → …
Exercise 33. Complete the sentences with the ‘having + participle II’ form of one of
these verbs. In which is it also possible to use an -ing form with a similar meaning.
arrive
climb
spend
take
work
1. … Having taken (not Taking) the wrong bus, Tony found himself in an unfamiliar
town.
2. … a tree, Lee was able to see a way out of the forest.
3. … as a clerk, painter and bus driver, Neil decided to go back to university.
4. … all morning working in the garden, Betty took a short lunch break.
5. … early for his appointment, Ron spent some time looking at the magazines.
Exercise 34. Match the sentence halves and write new ones beginning with an -ing,
having been (+ past participle) or being + past participle phrase (or ‘Not + -ing,
etc.’).
1.
She was a doctor
2.
I didn’t expect anyone to be in the house
3.
The room had been painted in dark colours
4.
Dave was unemployed
5.
I don’t speak Italian
6.
Barbara had been a teacher for 14 years
a. she knew how to keep children interested.
b. I found life in Sicily difficult.
с. I walked straight in.
d. she knew what side effects the medicine could have.
e. he had time to consider what job he really wanted.
f. the room needed some bright lights.
Example: 1 + (d) Being a doctor, she knew what side-effects the medicine could
have.
Exercise 35. Translate the following sentences into English. Participle I.
1. Услышав чьи-то шаги и голоса, дети спрятались за деревом. 2. Человек, во-
шедший в комнату, представился. 3. Покажите нам список студентов, изучаю-
щих французский язык. 4. Я никогда не слышал об актрисе, сыгравшей главную
роль в этом фильме. 5. Так как меня пригласили в театр, я не смог отказаться. 6.
44
Они разговаривали громко, словно старались перекричать друг друга.
(to shout one
another down)
7. Он подал мне письмо и попросил отправить его немедленно. 8.
Так как письмо было написано карандашом, его трудно было прочитать.
(in
pencil)
9. Закончив лекцию профессор, оглядел аудиторию, ожидая вопросов. 10.
Все студенты, изучающие английский язык, могут принять участие в этом ве-
чере. 11. Все служащие, работающие в нашем отделе
(office)
, должны знать ино-
странные языки. 12. Все знают имя человека, сделавшего это открытие. 13. Ко-
гда я шел на завод, я встретил своего друга. 14. Так как она не хотела разбудить
свою маленькую дочь, она не стала включать свет. 15. Так как этот план был
обсужден, он известен всем. 16. Когда мы были в Москве, нам дважды удалось
побывать в Большом театре. 17. Спрашивая, какой фильм идет в кино, мы гово-
рим: «Что идет сегодня?» 18. Потеряв квитанцию
(receipt)
, он не смог получить
посылку. 19. Не зная, что делать, она обратилась к нам за помощью.
(to refer to
smb. for help)
20. Они сидели молча и смотрели на заходящее солнце. 21. Не видев
ее много лет, он не узнал ее сначала. 22. Она остановилась, как будто не знала
дороги домой.
45
◄►The Functions of Participle II in the Sentence
I. Participle II as an attribute.
•
a broken cup
- разбитая чашка
•
the problem discussed at the meeting
- вопрос, обсужденный на собрании/ обсужденный на со-
брании вопрос
•
a house built two years ago
- дом, построенный два года назад/ построенный два года назад дом
•
a child properly looked after -
ребенок, о котором хорошо заботятся
•
things never heard of before
- факты, о которых никогда не слышали прежде
•
a man talked about
- человек, о котором говорят/говорили
•
Some of the people invited to the party can’t come.
(The people have been invited
to the party; some of the people who have been invited to the party can’t come.)
•
A book taken from the library must be returned in time.
Книга, взятая из библиотеки,
должна быть возвращена вовремя.
•
Most of the goods made in this factory are exported.
(the goods are made in this
factory)
•
The police never found the money stolen in the robbery.
(the money was stolen)
•
A broken vase lay on the floor. A vase broken by the children lay on the floor.
•
The story told by the hostess amused everybody.
История, рассказанная хозяйкой, развесе-
лила всех.
•
Why don’t we believe stories told by hunters and fishermen?
Почему мы не верим исто-
риям, рассказываемым охотниками и рыбаками?
•
It is a book much talked about.
Это книга, о которой много говорят.
(=It is a book which
is much talked about.)
•
A most unlooked-for incident occurred.
(unlooked-for = unexpected, sudden- неожиданный,
непредвиденный, внезапный)
•
It is an unhoped-for pleasure to see you with us again. (
unhoped-for
=
unexpected, sud-
den - внезапный, неожиданный)
•
The portrait was lovely. The portrait was painted by my brother. →The portrait
which was painted by my brother was lovely. →The portrait painted by my
brother was lovely.
• Note: An attribute expressed by Participle II may be detached; in this case it of-
ten has an additional meaning of an adverbial modifier. When Participle II or a
Participial phrase is detached, its position is not fixed. It may occupy the initial
position, the mid-position or the final position in the sentence. Detached attributes
are separated from the noun by a comma in writing and by a pause in speech.
They are confined to literary style only.
•
Greatly excited, the children followed her into the garden.
•
Johnson, left in charge of both officers, marched about for a little while.
•
And people hurried by, hidden under their dreadful umbrellas.
•
Attracted by the heart-breaking cry, the young man rushed to the river bank.
•
Faced with a bill for £10, 000, John has taken an extra job.
•
Seated at his desk, Mel put his head in his hands.
46
•
Formed 25 years ago next month, the club is holding a party for past and present
members.
(or: The club, which was formed 25 years ago next month, is holding a
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