Лекции по теоретической грамматике английского языка для студентов

 
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eg. 
I walked for a couple more minutes and then suddenly I see a fox 
running in my direction.  
In this example the present form “see” substitutes the past form “saw”. 
Present is used in the position of transposition of the opposition “present vs. past”. 
The stylistic purpose of this phenomenon known as “the historic present” is to 
create a vivid picture of the event reflected in the utterance. The peculiarity of this 
case of transposition is that the weak member stands in the position of the strong 
member, which is not typical of transposition. 
Category of aspect  
There are several typical cases of oppositional reduction of the category of 
aspect. One is related to the division of verbs into limitive and unlimitive.  
e.g. 
The sun shone brightly. 
The example presents a case of neutralization of the opposition “continuous 
vs. non-continuous” (a process is implied). Neutralization is optional since the 
paradigmatically required form “was shining” can still be used. The neutralizer is 
the lexical meaning of the verb.  
As for transposition, continuous forms can be used transpositionally to 
denote habitual, recurrent actions in emphatic collocations. (e.g. 
He is always 
borrowing my pen
). 
Category of temporal correlation 
As we have already mentioned, the category of temporal correlation is based 
on the privative-equipollent opposition of “perfect vs. non-perfect”, which is not 
easily neutralized in the present but can be neutralized in the past with ease.  
e.g. 
The court issued an arrest warrant after the police detained a suspect.
  
The non-perfect form “detained” substitutes the paradigmatically required 
form “had detained”. The use of the weak member of the opposition in the position 
of the strong member is possible because the meaning of “a prior action” is 
expressed by the temporal conjunction “after” and by the other action.  
 

 
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