14
Lecture 2
The Parts of Speech Problem. Grammatical Classes of Words
The parts
of speech are classes of words, all the members of these classes
having certain characteristics in common which distinguish them from the
members of other classes. The problem of word classification
into parts of speech
still remains one of the most controversial problems in modern linguistics. The
attitude of grammarians with regard to parts of speech and the basis of their
classification varied a good deal at different times.
Only in English grammarians
have been vacillating between 3 and 13 parts of speech. There are four approaches
to the problem:
1.
Classical,
or logical-inflectional, worked out by prescriptivists
2.
Functional, worked out by descriptivists
3.
Distributional, worked out by structuralists
4.
Complex
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