Лекции по теоретической грамматике английского языка для студентов
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лекция по грамматиае
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- 3. The Category of Person
| Syntactic classifications
According to the nature of predication (primary and secondary) all verbs fall into finite and non-finite. Functional classification According to their functional significance verbs can be notional (with the full lexical meaning), semi-notional (modal verbs, link-verbs), auxiliaries. Auxiliaries are used in the strict order: modal, perfective, progressive, passive. 3. The Category of Person As it can be seen, in Russian person is fully grammaticalized in the present tense; grammatically, the personal pronouns are redundant: they merely reduplicate the person information contained in the verb form. In English, only the third person present tense singular form expresses person grammatically; therefore, the verb forms are obligatorily associated with personal pronouns. Special mention should be made of the modal verbs and the verb be . Modal verbs, with the exception of shall/should and will/would , do not show person grammatically. The verb be is more grammaticalized in this respect: it takes an exception to the other verbs. As can be seen, it has two grammaticalized persons in the singular – first and third person – and no grammaticalized persons in the plural. In the past tense, the verb be does not distinguish person – without a personal pronoun we cannot say which person the form expresses. To sum up, the category of person is represented in English by the two- member opposition: third person singular vs. non-third person singular. The marked member of the opposition is third person; the unmarked member is non- third person (it includes the remaining forms – first person, second person forms – singular and plural). The opposition is privative both in the plane of content and in the plane of expression. |