Design using computer-aided design systems

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wancefor the features of engineering design and design problems, is an 
automated design system (ADS).
The purpose of computer-aided design system is improving quality, reducing 
material costs, shortening the design process and elimination of growth in the 
number of engineering and technical personnel engaged in the design and 
construction. 
To achieve the objectives of the creation of the ADS should:
• improving design on the basis of application of mathematical methods 
and computer technology; 
• automatization of process of search, processing and delivery of 
infor-
mation;
• using of methods of optimization and contingency planning; the use 
of effective mathematical models of designed objects, components and 
materials;
• creation of databases containing systematized information and reference 
material necessary for computer-aided design facilities;
• improving the quality of the project documentation; 
• increasing the share of the creative labour of design by automating non-
creative work;
• unificate and standardization of design methods;
• training and retraining of specialists;
• interaction with automated systems of different levels and purposes.
Complex of means of automation of designing includes methodical,
linguis-
tic
, mathematical, program, technical, informational and organizational support. 
In ADS provides the convenience of using programs through the use of 
means of operative communication between an engineer and a computer, 
special problem-oriented languages, and the availability of an information and 
reference database.
The structural components of ADS are subsystems that have all the 
proper-
ties 
of systems and are created as independent systems.
It should be noted that ADS is an auxiliary tool, not a replacement for the 
designer.
Historically, the use of a computer for design and development work in its 
development has passed several stages and has undergone significant changes. 
In the beginning, emphasis was placed on automating project tasks, which had 
a clearly expressed design character, when manual design techniques were 
implemented.Then began to create programs for automated calculations based 
on the methods of computational mathematics (parametric optimization, finite 
element method, etc.). With the introduction of special terminal devices, univer-
sal computer programs appeared for solving both calculated and some routine 
design tasks (making drawings, specifications, text documents, etc.).

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In recent years, much attention has been paid to automation of design 
and construction work in the design of mechanisms and machines, when the 
synthesis of the design is heuristically performed, and the main parameters are 
selected and optimized in an interactive mode of dialogue between the designer 
and computer. The object is designed according to functional require-ments, 
information on components and description processes using object models, 
which allows the designer to specify the relationships between individual 
properties as in dry your object, and between different sites within the 
development.
In the model, the following set of characteristics is understood as the object 
design:
• a dictionary of concepts that represent the most significant properties of 
an object in the domain;
• composition and structure of the final product;
• functional requirements for separate parts of design decisions, coordina-
ted among themselves through the vocabulary of concepts by bidirectional 
associative links;
• mutual arrangement of parts of design decisions within the framework 
of some global coordinate system, taking into account the accumulated 
rules of integration from standard solutions;
• the possibility of obtaining an informative and expressive idea of the 
decisions taken both in computer form (including the possibility of three-
dimensional animation (object-animation) of the object), and in the form 
of drafting and design documents;
• the ability to perform computer modeling, which ensures the control of 
the ratios both between individualproperties of the object, as well as of 
the whole object.
In the design of various products, the designer is forced to consider many 
sources of information and be able to control the design process in time and 
among staff. It is necessary to choose a software design tools and automation. 
These include different versions of AutoCAD, AutoCAD Mechanical, Mecha-
nical desktop, CREDO, COMPAS-5, T-FLEX, etc. 
AutoCAD – a versatile graphics system, the structure of which is based on 
the principle of open architecture, allowing to adapt and develop a range of 
AutoCAD functions in relation to specific tasks and requirements.
Efficiency of application of AutoCAD in the development of design docu-
mentation is provided with the following opportunities: 
• availability of funds transformations: rotate/move/balancing, scaling, 
constructing a mirror image, etc.; 
• use ready-made snippets of drawings: the constructive and geometrical 
elements, standardized designs, standard products; 

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