Мехатроника 1 Бөлім mechatronics
CHAPTER 1. BASES OF FORMATION OF
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Мехатроника 1 том Баймухамедов М.Ф., Джаманбалин Қ.Қ.,Ақгул м.К.
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CHAPTER 1. BASES OF FORMATION OF MECHATRONIC DEVICES 1.1 Definitions and terminology of mechatronics What is Mechatronics? Mechatronics is a natural stage in the evolutionary process of modern engineering design. The development of computers, and then the microcomputers, embedded computers, and related information technologies and achievements in the field of software, made mechatronics an imperative in the latter part of the twentieth century. On the threshold of the twenty-first century, with expected achievements in integrated bioelectro- mechanical systems, quantum computers, nano- and pico-systems, and other unforeseen developments, the future of mechatronics is full of potential and bright possibilities. The definition of mechatronics has evolved since the original definition by the Yasakawa Electric Company. In trademark applications Yasakava thus defined mechatronics [1]: The word, mechatronics, is composed of «mecha» from mechanism and the «tronics» from electronics. In other words, technologies and developed products will be incorporating electronics more and more into mechanisms, intimately and organically, and making it impossible to define where one ends and the other begins. The definition of mechatronics continued to evolve after Yasakawa suggested the original definition. One of the quoted definitions of mechatronics was presented by Harashima, Tomizuka, and Fukuda in 1996 [3]. In their opinion, mechatronics is defined as the synergistic integration of mechanical engineering, with electronics and intelligent computer control in the design and manufacturing of industrial products and processes. That same year, another definition was suggested by Auslander and Kempf: Mechatronics is the application of integrated decision-making to the opera- tion of physical systems. Another definition, due to Shetty and Kolk, appeared in 1997 [4]: Mechatronics is a methodology used for the optimal design of electromechanical products. Recently we find the proposal of V. Bolton [5]: the mechatronic system is not just a union of electrical and mechanical systems and not just a control system; this is the complete integration of all of them. In Podurayev’s work [1] the following definition is given. Mechatronics is the field of science and technology, based on sinergy synergies from the combination of mechanical, electrical, electhrone and computer components, providing designing and manufacture of new devices with intellec toiling the control of their functional movements. 146 This definition emphasized the triune nature of mechatronic devices based on the construction which is based on the idea of deep interrelation of mechanical, electronic and computer elements. Therefore, the most common graphical signifier of mechatronics were three intersecting circles (Fig. 1.1), aligned to the external shell – Production – Management and Market demands [1]. Figure 1.1 – Scheme of mechatronics It should be understood that mechatronics is not just a convenient structure for investigative studies by academicians; it is a style of life in modern engine- ering practice. The implementation of the microprocessor in the early 1980s and the ever increasing desired performance to cost ratio revolutionized the paradigm of engineering design. The number of new products being developed at the intersection of traditional disciplines of engineering, computer science, and the natural sciences is ever increasing. New developments in these traditional disciplines increasingly fit into the design of mechatronics. The continuing revolution in information technology, the development of wireless communications, the design of intelligent sensors and integrated system engineering ensure that the engineering design paradigm will continue to evolve at the beginning of the 21st century. The subject of mechatronics are methods of design and computer control 147 of mechatronic devices, and also new technological and information processes, which provide all stages of their life cycle, starting from the marketing stage and conceptual design, finishing manufacturing, exploitation and utilization. Above were given several definitions published in periodicals, proceedings of international conferences and symposiums. On the basis of the definitions considered above, the following special formulation of the subject of mechatronics is proposed [1]: «Mechatronics studies the synergistic combination of nodes of precision mechanics with electronic, electrical and computer components for the design and production of qualitatively new modules, systems, machines and machine complexes with intelligent control of their functional movements». Comments to definition: 1. Mechatronics studies special methodological (conceptual) approach in the construction of machines with qualitatively new characteristics. It is important to emphasize that this approach is very universal and can be applied in machines and systems for various purposes. However, it should be noted that the provision of high quality control of the mechatronic system is possible only taking into account the specifics of a particular managed object. Therefore, it is expedient to study mechatronics in the specialties, the subject of which are specific classes of production machines and processes. 2. The definition emphasizes the synergetic nature of the integration of constituent elements in mechatronic objects. Synergy (greek.) is a joint action aimed at achieving a common goal. Here it is important that the parts are not just complementary, but are combined so that created system has qualitatively new properties. In mechatronics, all energy and information flows are aimed at achieving a single goal – the realization of a given controlled movement. 3. Integrated mechatronic elements chosen by the developer already at the design stage of the machine, and then the necessary engineering and technical support in the production and operation of the machine is provided. This is the radical difference between mechatronic machines and traditional ones, when the user was often forced to unite into his system the diverse mechanical, electronic and information-control devices of various manufacturers. That is why many complex systems (for example, some flexible manufacturing systems in domestic engineering) demonstrated low reliability and low technical and economical efficiency. 4. The methodological basis for the development of mechatronic systems is provided with concurrent engineering methods. With the traditional design of computer-controlled machines, the mechanical, electronic, sensor and computer жүктеу/скачать 11,25 Mb. Достарыңызбен бөлісу:
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