Методическая разработка по английскому языку для студентов факультета химии и химической технологии " Simple Chemistry" Алматы 2017
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мет. разработка по химии
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- Texts for additional reading Organic compounds of carbon
| Vocabulary
oxygen кислород a member член chalcogen group халькогенная группа reactive реакционноспособный highly весьма an oxidizing agent окислитель abundant распространенный hydrogen водород helium гелий tasteless без вкуса the universe вселенная a protein белок a fat жир a carbohydrate углевод a nucleic acid нуклеиновая кислота anaerobic organisms анаэробные организмы the Earth's crust земная кора ozone озон to combine соединяться atomic oxygen атомарный кислород the upper atmosphere верхний слой атомосферы ultraviolet (UV) radiation ультрафиолетовое излучение to produce industrially получать на производстве fractional distillation фракционная перегонка liquefied air сжиженный воздух nitrogen азот equilibrium равновесие approximately примерно compared to по сравнению с solubility растворимость to depend on зависеть от to condense конденсироваться to freeze замерзать to coin заимствовать Texts for additional reading Organic compounds of carbon Alcohols are organic compounds. They contain -OH group. Examples of alcohols are methanol, CH3OH, ethanol C2H2OH. Primary alcohols have two hydrogen atoms on the carbon atom. Secondary alcohols have one hydrogen on this carbon atom. Tertiary alcohols have no hydrogen on this carbon atom. The different types of alcohols differ in the way they react chemically. For example the following reactions occur with potassium dichromate (VI): primary alcohol aldehyde carboxylic acid secondary alcohols ketone tertiary alcohol - no reaction. Other characteristics of alcohols are reactions with acids. These reactions give esters. The reaction of dehydration gives alkenes or ethers. Alcohols which have two -OH groups are diols. Alcohols which three –OH groups are triols. Aldehydes are organic compounds. They contain the group -CHO. Examples of aldehydes are methanol , HCOH, and ethanal, CH3CHO. The oxidation of primary alcohols forms aldehydes . The further oxidation causes the formation of carboxylic acids. They are reducing agents. With sodium hydrogensulphate (IV) they form addition compounds of the type [RCOH(SO3)H]-. They also form addition compounds with hydrogen cyanide and give cyanohydrins and undergo condensation reactions. жүктеу/скачать 422,31 Kb. Достарыңызбен бөлісу:
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