Методическое пособие по английскому языку для студентов 4 курса, обучающихся по программе бакалавриата
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5 Read the text about ERP then answer the auestions below. Small companies tend to use separate off-the-shelf v software packages lo do specific tasks, such as preparing accounts. But larger companies need a solution that provides software on a modular basis - with the possibility of customization - and then integrates all the parts. This solution is called ERP (enterprise resource planning), and the main vendors are SAP and Oracle. ERP has its origins in manufacturing, where it is used to manage all the stages in the company's internal supply chain. So. using sales data the software can forecast demand, order materials, schedule production, project financial results, etc. But to this basic package it is possible to add many further modules. For example, to include the upstream end of the supply chain (= suppliers of components and raw materials) the company can add a procurement module. And to include the downstream end of the chain (= customers) there is a customer relations management module (CRM). CRM - which other vendors sell as a stand-alone package - includes: 1 for sales staff: contact management, quote management, customer preferences and buying habits, etc. 2 for customer services staff: order fulfilment, complaints, returns, etc. By keeping all the information on individual customers in one place, a company aims (i) to make cost savings through efficiency and (ii) to present a unified face to the customer, regardless of the communication channel that they use. Another common ERP application is a management information system (MIS). This is a decision-making tool that allows managers to extract useful knowledge (specific details, key indicators, trends) and present it as graphs, reports, alerts, forecasts, etc. Find a word from the text that means: available in a standard form, not designed for a particular customer personalization predict (word #1) predict (word #2) the combined activities of sourcing (= finding what you want) + purchasing (= buying it) able to be used on its own (ie without buying other components) the price that a supplier says they will charge delivering goods in the way that is promised and expected 9 on-screen warnings
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