Методическое пособие по совершенствованию навыков чтения и говорения на английском языке для студентов фксиС и фитиУ
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английский для ИТ 1
- Бұл бет үшін навигация:
- ALU (arithmetic logic unit)
- Microprocessor Performance Factors A microprocessor’s performance is affected
| MICROPROCESSORS AND MEMORY
Microprocessor Basics A microprocessor (or a “processor”) is an integrated circuit designed to process instructions. It is the most important component of a computer. It can be referred to as “a computer on a chip” or “a CPU on a chip” because it contains – on a single chip – circuitry that performs essentially the same tasks as the central processing unit (CPU) of a classic mainframe computer. A microprocessor is a very complex integrated circuit, containing as many as 400 million miniaturized electronic components. The miniaturized circuitry in a microprocessor is grouped into important functional areas, such as the ALU and the control unit. The ALU (arithmetic logic unit) is the part of the microprocessor that performs arithmetic operations, such as addition and subtraction. It also performs logical operations, such as comparing two numbers to see if they are the same. The ALU uses registers to hold data that is being processed, and the microprocessor’s control unit fetches the necessary instructions. After the computer loads data into the ALU’s registers, the control unit allows the ALU to begin processing. A microprocessor executes instructions provided by a computer program. The list of instructions that a microprocessor can perform is called its instruction set. These instructions are hard-wired into the processor’s circuitry and include basic arithmetic and logical operations, fetching data, and clearing registers. A computer can perform very complex tasks, but it does so by performing a combination of simple tasks from its instruction set. Microprocessor Performance Factors A microprocessor’s performance is affected by several factors, including clock speed, word size, cache size, instruction set, and processing techniques. The microprocessor clock is a timing device that sets the pace for executing instructions. The speed of a microprocessor is usually specified in megahertz (MHz) gigahertz. A cycle is the smallest unit of time in a microprocessor’s universe. Every action a processor performs is measured by these cycles. The clock speed is not equal to the number of instructions a processor can execute in one second. In many computers, some instructions occur within one cycle, but other instructions might require multiple cycles. Some processors can execute several instructions in a single clock cycle. жүктеу/скачать 0,77 Mb. Достарыңызбен бөлісу:
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