3. Complex Sentences
Complex sentences
are structures of subordination with two or more
immediate constituents which are not syntactically equivalent. In the simplest case,
that of binary structure, one of them is the principal clause to which the other is
joined as a subordinate. The latter stands in the relation of adjunct to the principal
clause and is beneath the principal clause in rank.
The semantic relations that can be expressed by subordination are much
more numerous and more varied than with co-ordination: all such relations as time,
place, concession, purpose, etc. are expressly stated in complex sentences only.
To express subordination of one syntactic unit to another in a complex
sentence English uses the following means:
conjunctions
:
when, after, before,
while, till, until, though, although, that, as, because
; a number of
fixed phrases
performing the same function:
as soon as, as long as, so long as, notwithstanding
that, in order that, according as, etc
.;
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