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Постановление
Правительства
Республики
Казахстана
от
24
декабря
2019
года
№
968 “
Об
утверждении
Государственной
програм
-
мы
поддержки
и
развития
бизнеса
«
Дорожная
карта
бизнеса
-2025»”.
http://adilet.zan.kz/rus/docs/P1900000968
12. Doing Business:
Рейтинг
стран
, 2019. https://russian.doingbusiness.
org/ru/rankings
13.
Закон
Об
утверждении
Государственной
программы
индустри
-
ально
-
инновационного
развития
Республики
Казахстан
на
2020 – 2025
годы
. http://adilet.zan.kz/rus/docs/P1900001050
A
di Taichakov, Arman Olzhabayev
Forecasting the Long-Term Level of Employment in Kazakhstan
BASED ON THE SPECIFICS OF
THE LABOR MARKET IN 2020
Abstract
This observational study is part of the larger research on the labor
market in Kazakhstan. In this study, we make the forecast of the long-
term growth of employment in the country using the modifi ed Dolgy
& Ivanova method to foresee the labor market behavior. Taking into
account the structure of the labor market in Kazakhstan, we identifi ed the
range of factors that strongly infl uence the employment in Kazakhstan.
These factors include monthly salary, number of foreign workers,
gross foreign investments, retail trade and net migration. Afterwards,
we forecasted the amount of employed workforce by running the
multiple linear regression model that are based on the set of diff erent
assumptions. It was estimated that the employed population is going
to increase by 0.4 to 0.6 million people in the next fi ve years. Such
the result is foolproof against possible economic downturns, and also
conforms to the offi
cial estimations.
Аннотация
Данное исследование является частью более крупной научной
работы о современном положении рынка труда в Казахстане. В
281
Секция
«
Экономика
»
этой работе, мы прогнозируем краткосрочный рост занятого насе-
ления используя модифицированный метод Долгого и Ивановой, с
целью предвидеть движение рынка труда. Учитывая особенность
структуры Казахстанского трудового рынка, мы определили ряд
факторов, которые наиболее влияют на трудоустройство. В числе
этих факторов средняя месячная зарплата, иностранная рабочая
сила, внешние инвестиции, а также розничная торговля и сальдо
миграции. С помощью фильтрованной регрессионной модели, мы
оцениваем рост занятого населения в пределах от 0.4 до 0.6 мил-
лиона человек в следующие пять лет. Данный прогноз скорректи-
рован в соответствии с возможными экономическими рецессиями,
а также соответствует официальным предположениям правитель-
ства Республики Казахстан.
Аңдатпа
Алдыңыздағы зерттеу жумысымыз Қазақстандағы заманауи
еңбек нарығының улкен ғылыми мақаланың кішігірім жобасы.
Бұл жұмысымызда біз қысқа мерзімды жұмыспен қамтылған ха-
лыктың өсуін болжамдаймыз сол үшін біз модифацияланған Дол-
гий жəне Иванов əдісін қолданамыз. Қазақстандық еңбек нарығы
құрылымының ерекшелігін ескере отырып, жұмыспен қамтуға ең
көп əсер ететін бірқатар факторларды анықтадық. Бұл факторларға
орташа айлық жалақы, шетелдік жұмыс күші, шетелдік инвести-
ция, бөлшек жəне көші-қон айырмасы жатады. Фильтрацияланған
регрессия моделін қолдана отырып, жұмыспен қамтылған халық
санының өсуін келесі бес жыл ішінде 0,4 - 0,6 миллионға дейін
болжамдаймыз. Бұл тұспалымыз ықтимал экономикалық құлды-
рауға сəйкес реттелген, сонымен қатар Қазақстан Республикасы
үкіметінің ресми жорамалдарына сəйкес келеді.
Introduction
In economic research, analyzing the situation of the labor market and
making reasonable development forecasts based on the comprehensive
data of a given country is one of the important areas. Understanding
the strengths and weaknesses of the labor force as well as factors that
explain the nature of demand and supply serves many purposes. For
example, clear understanding of the labor market structure facilitate
public policies that foster training of the qualifi ed specialists according
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Narxoz Student Research-2021
to the specifi c needs of the country’s economic strategy (Aimurzina &
Sadvakasova, 2015, p. 452). In general, understanding the tendencies
of the labor market of a country can help to balance its economic
development.
For the purposes of this study, we will determine the factors that have
the strongest impact on the labor market and gather corresponding data
from the offi
cial sources, such as Ministry of Statistics and Workforce
Development Center of Kazakhstan. Afterwards we will develop the
three forecast scenarios on the employed population by building the
regression model based on the modifi ed Dolgy and Ivanova method.
As the next step, the feasibility tests will examine the model to ensure
that the estimations are robust. Following that, the model outcomes will
be compared to the offi
cial estimates and the relevant remarks will be
provided.
Main Body
The purpose of this part is to forecast the short-term growth of labor
force in Kazakhstan and compare results with the estimates made by
the offi
cial sources. According to Dolgy & Ivanova (2016, p. 27), the
shaping of labor resources (LR) in Kazakhsta n is infl uenced signifi cantly
by such parameters as average life expectancy (ALE), annual net
migration (ANM), average monthly social welfare payment (SWP),
average monthly salary (AMS), number of academic institutions (NAI).
In that way, the expression of the labor resources is described by the
following dependency:
ܮܴ̱ܣܮܧ ܣܰܯ ܹܵܲ ܣܯܵ ܰܣܫ
Based on the above expression, Dolgy & Ivanova (2016) evaluate
the regions of Kazakhstan with the highest potential for growth of the
employed population. However, the given dependency can be modifi ed
and used to forecast the growth of the working population across the
whole country. Based on the fi ndings in the analytical section of this
research, we believe that the above model can be adjusted for the
parameters that have higher signifi cance for the current state of the
labor market. Thus, we are going to reorganize the above expression in
the form of the multiple linear regression (MLR) equation, to obtain the
forecast on the number of employed people in the next ten years. The