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20th
1st century
Year
Date
Event
43
Aulus Plautius
led an army of forty thousand
invading
Great Britain
.
Emperor
Claudius
makes
Britain
a part of the
Roman Empire
. This
is known as the
Roman conquest of Britain
.
2nd century
c.
120
Car Dyke
constructed over newly drained
East Anglian
Fens
.
Governor
Quintus Pompeius Falco
suppresses a revolt by the
Brigantes
.
Stationed for several years in Eboracum – present-day York, in northern
England – Rome's Ninth Legion suddenly vanished from the records in AD
120
122
Emperor
Hadrian
visits Britain and appoints
Aulus Platorius Nepos
as
governor.
Construction of
Hadrian's Wall
begins.
Construction of London
forum
completed.
130
Town centre of
Wroxeter
redeveloped.
139
Newly appointed Governor
Quintus Lollius Urbicus
advances to the
Clyde
-
Forth
line, reconstructing
Corstopitum
as a base.
142
Emperor
Antoninus Pius
orders the construction of the
Antonine Wall
.
154
Governor
Gnaeus Julius Verus
suppresses a revolt by the Brigantes.
11
Timeline of English history. available at https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_English_history
293
Antonine Wall overrun.
155
Fire destroys much of central
St Albans
.
158
Refortification of Hadrian's Wall begins.
160
Antonine Wall reoccupied.
163
Antonine Wall abandoned. Governor
Sextus Calpurnius Agricola
rebuilds
forts along Hadrian's Wall.
175
5,500 conscripted
Sarmatian
cavalry stationed in northern Britain.
180
Northern tribes breach Hadrian's Wall and ravage the countryside.
Governor
Ulpius Marcellus
launches punitive campaigns to the north.
185
Marcellus forced to retreat to Hadrian's Wall.
Roman army in Britain mutinies.
Helvius Pertinax
appointed as governor, and
suppresses mutiny.
187
Pertinax resigns, after becoming unpopular with the army
192
Clodius Albinus
, Governor of Britain, briefly proclaimed Emperor, but
instead acquiesces to the rival claim of
Septimius Severus
.
196
Albinus proclaims himself "Augustus" and invades Gaul, seeking to
overthrow Severus.
197
19 February - Albinus defeated at the
Battle of Lugdunum
in Gaul; Severus
appoints
Virius Lupus
as governor.
Maeatae
launch raids against Hadrian's Wall.
3rd century
206
Governor
Lucius Alfenus Senecio
repairs
Hadrian's Wall
and appeals for help
from the Emperor against the northern tribes.
208
Emperor
Septimius Severus
and his son
Caracalla
take personal command of
the army in Britain
209
Severus and Caracalla lead an expedition against the
Caledonii
, and build
forts at
Cramond
and the
Tay
estuary.
210
Caracalla leads an expedition against the rebellious
Maeatae
tribe.
211
4 February - Severus dies at
York
, while preparing another expedition against
the northern rebels
Caracalla, now Emperor, abandons territory north of Hadrian's Wall, and
returns to Rome.
c.
214
Britain divided into two provinces,
Britannia Superior
and
Britannia Inferior
,
with administrative centres at London and York respectively.
c.
220
Saxons
raid south-east coast; forts built
at
Reculver
and
Branodunum
(
Brancaster
)
255
Work begins on a riverside wall in London
259
Rebel leader
Latinus Postumus
proclaims Britain as part of his "
Empire of the
Gauls
".
270
Construction of forts along the
Saxon Shore
begins in response to increased
raiding.
273
Stone walls built around
St Albans
274
Postumus' Gallic Empire is reabsorbed into the Roman Empire
under
Aurelian
.
277
Imperial edict lifts restrictions on British
wine
production.
General
Victorinus
puts down revolt, and
settles
Burgundian
and
Vandal
prisoners in Britain.
Britannic Empire
286-296
287
Mausaeus Carausius
takes power in Britain and proclaims himself Emperor
289
Carausius defeats Emperor
Maximian
in a naval battle.
293
Finance minister
Allectus
murders Carausius and seizes power;
employs
Frankish
mercenaries.
296
295
Julius Constantius
defeats Britons near
Silchester
, killing Allectus; prevents
retreating Franks from sacking London.
297
Re-building of forts near Hadrian's Wall begins.
Constantius returns to
Gaul
.
First mention on record of the
Picts
attacking from the north in Eumenius'
Panegyrici Latini.
4th century
Year
Date
Event
368
Great Conspiracy
: A year-long series of raids by
the
Picts
and
Saxons
began, which forced
the
Roman
abandonment of
Hadrian's Wall
and caused
the death of their military commander
Fullofaudes
.
383
Romans
began to withdraw from
Great Britain
.
5th century
Year
Date
Event
410
Picts
from the north,
Gaels
from the west and the
Saxons
,
who had been a nuisance to the Romans for 50 years,
attacked the unprotected British Celts.
449
The
Angles
,
Saxons
,
Jutes
, and
Frisians
began to occupy
Great Britain. Led by
Hengist
. (Marks the beginning of
Old English)
6th century
Year
Date
Event
500
Beginning of
Heptarchy
(Seven
kingdoms
Kent
,
Essex
,
Sussex
,
Wessex
,
East
Anglia
,
Mercia
, and
Northumbria
.)
597
Saint Augustine of Canterbury
arrived in
England
to
begin the conversion of the English, by baptizing King
Ethelbert of Kent, thus introducing the influence of
Latin.
7th century
Year
Date
Event
664
The
Synod of Whitby
aligned the English with Roman
rather than
Celtic Christianity
. (How to celebrate
holidays such as Easter and perform practices within the
Church.)
8th century
Year
Date
Event
716
Æthelbald
becomes King of
Mercia
, marking the
beginning of that kingdom's ascendancy over the other
Saxon realms.
730
The venerable
Bede
produced the ecclesiastical history of
the English people.
757
Offa
becomes King of
Mercia
, to rule until 796.
787
The
Scandinavian
invasion began with raids along the
northeast sea coast.
793
Vikings
raided
Lindisfarne
.
9th century
Year
Date
Event
825
Battle of Ellendun
: King
Egbert of Wessex
defeats the
Mercians, ending the Mercian Supremacy.
842
Vikings raid London, Rochester, and Southampton.
878
Battle of Ethandun
: A
Viking
defeat took place which
would result in the
Treaty of Wedmore
and the
establishment of the
Danelaw
.
895
A
Danish
fleet was captured by
Alfred the Great
.
10th century
Year
Date
Event
910
5 August
Battle of Tettenhall
927
Æthelstan
unites
the Anglo-Saxon Heptarchy into
the
Kingdom of England
.
937
Battle of Brunanburh
980
Vikings begin a new wave of raids on England.
991
10 August
Battle of Maldon
: Danes defeat the English army.
Payment of
Danegold
.
11th century
Year
Date
Event
1016
Cnut the Great
of Denmark becomes king of all England.
297
1043
Edward the Confessor
becomes king of all England.
1054
The Great Schism/Split of the Roman Catholic Church
1066
Battle of Fulford
: English forces were defeated by Norse
invaders in northeastern England.
Battle of Stamford Bridge
: The remaining Norse
under
Harald Hardrada
were defeated by the bulk of
England's army under the command of its king.
Battle of Hastings
: England's remaining forces were
defeated by invaders from
Normandy
. This was known
as the
Norman Conquest
, which caused
William the
Conqueror
to be crowned king of England and
permanently changed the English language and culture.
1086
Work commenced on the
Domesday Book
.
12th century
Year
Date
Event
1135
The Anarchy
began, a civil war resulting from a dispute
over succession to the throne that lasted until 1153.
1138
The
Battle of the Standard
, an engagement in which the
English defeated an invading Scottish army led by King
David I.
1164
The
Constitutions of Clarendon
, a set of laws which
governed the trial of members of the
Catholic Church
in
England, were issued.
1170
Archbishop
of
Canterbury
Thomas Becket
was
assassinated.
1192
Crusades
: King
Richard I
was captured
by
Austrian
Duke
Leopold V, Duke of Austria
while
returning from the
Holy Land
.
1194
Richard
was ransomed and returned to England.
13th century
Year
Date
Event
1209
King
John
was excommunicated from the
Catholic
Church
by
Pope
Innocent III
.
1215
The
Magna Carta
was signed.
1237
The
Treaty of York
was signed, fixing the border
between
Scotland
and England.
1264
Battle of Lewes
: Rebel English barons led by
Simon de
Montfort, 6th Earl of Leicester
defeated King
Henry III
.
1267
Henry
recognised the authority of
Llywelyn ap
Gruffudd
in
Gwynedd
.
1277
England annexed
Gwynedd
.
1279
The
Statute of Mortmain
was issued.
1287
Rhys ap Maredudd
led a revolt against English rule in
Wales.
1294
Madog ap Llywelyn
led a revolt against English rule in
Wales.
1297
Battle of Stirling Bridge
: The
Scots
, led by
William
Wallace
, defeated the English.
14th century
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