Навчальний посібник для студентів ос «Бакалавр» галузі знань 03 «Гуманітарні науки»

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which merged in 1801 with the Kingdom of Ireland to form the United 
Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland. In 1922, five-sixths of Ireland seceded 
from the country, leaving the present formulation of the United Kingdom of 
Great Britain and Northern Ireland. The UK has fourteen Overseas 
Territories. These are the remnants of the British Empire which, at its height 
in the 1920s, encompassed almost a quarter of the world's land mass and was 
the largest empire in history. British influence can be observed in 
the language, culture, and legal systems of many of its former colonies. 
The United Kingdom is a developed country and has the world's fifth-
largest economy by nominal GDP and ninth-largest economy by purchasing 
power parity. The UK is considered to have a high-income economy and is 
categorised as very high in the Human Development Index, ranking 14th in 
the world. It was the world's first industrialised country and the world's 
foremost power during the 19th and early 20th centuries. The UK remains 
a great power with considerable economic, cultural, military, scientific, and 
political influence internationally. It is a recognised nuclear weapons state and 
its military expenditure ranks fourth or fifth in the world. The UK has been 
a permanent member of the United Nations Security Council since its first 
session in 1946. It has been a leading member state of the European 
Union (EU) and its predecessor, the European Economic Community (EEC), 
since 1973. However, on 23 June 2016, a national referendum on the UK's 
membership of the EU resulted in a 51.9% vote to exit. The UK is also a 
member of the Commonwealth of Nations, the Council of Europe, the G7 
finance ministers, the G7 forum, the G20, NATO, the Organisation for 
Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD), and the World Trade 
Organization (WTO).
England
is a country that is part of the United Kingdom. It shares land 
borders with Scotland to the north and Wales to the west. The Irish Sea lies 

northwest of England and the Celtic Sea lies to the southwest. England is 
separated from continental Europe by the North Sea to the east and the 
English Channel to the south. The country covers much of the central and 
southern part of the island of Great Britain, which lies in the North Atlantic; 
and includes over 100 smaller islands such as the Isles of Scilly, and the Isle 
of Wight. 
The area now called England was first inhabited by modern humans 
during the Upper Palaeolithic period, but takes its name from the Angles, one 
of the Germanic tribes who settled during the 5th and 6th centuries. England 
became a unified state in the 10th century, and since the Age of Discovery, 
which began during the 15th century, has had a significant cultural and legal 
impact on the wider world. The English language, the Anglican Church, and 
English law – the basis for the common law legal systems of many other 
countries around the world – developed in England, and the country's 
parliamentary system of government has been widely adopted by other 
nations. The Industrial Revolution began in 18th-century England, 
transforming its society into the world's first industrialised nation. 
England's terrain mostly comprises low hills and plains, especially in 
central and southern England. However, there are uplands in the north (for 
example, the mountainous Lake District, Pennines, and Yorkshire Dales) and 
in the south west (for example, Dartmoor and the Cotswolds). The capital is 
London, which is the largest metropolitan area in both the United Kingdom 
and the European Union. England's population of over 53 million comprises 
84% of the population of the United Kingdom, largely concentrated around 
London, the South East, and conurbations in the Midlands, the North West, 

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the North East, and Yorkshire, which each developed as major industrial 
regions during the 19th century
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. 
The Kingdom of England—which after 1535 included Wales—ceased 
being a separate sovereign state on 1 May 1707, when the Acts of Union put 
into effect the terms agreed in the Treaty of Union the previous year, resulting 
in a political union with the Kingdom of Scotland to create the Kingdom of 
Great Britain. In 1801, Great Britain was united with the Kingdom of Ireland 
through another Act of Union to become the United Kingdom of Great Britain 
and Ireland. In 1922 the Irish Free State seceded from the United Kingdom, 
leading to the latter being renamed the United Kingdom of Great Britain and 
Northern Ireland.

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