Навчальний посібник для студентів ос «Бакалавр» галузі знань 03 «Гуманітарні науки»


Chapter 1  General information about the UK



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Chapter 1 
General information about the UK
Fact File
 
Official name: 
The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland 
Total area: 
243,610 square km
 
Population: 
61,855,000 
Official language: 
English; both English and Scots Gaelic in Scotland; both 
English and Welsh in Wales 
Ethnic groups: 
white 92.4% (of which English 81.5%, Scottish 9.6%, Irish 
2.4%, Welsh 1.9%, Ulster 1.8%), black 2% (of which West Indian 1%, 
African 0.8%), Indian 1.8%, Pakistani 1.3%, Bangladeshi 0.5%, Chinese 
0.4%, others 1.9%) 
National anthem: ‘
God, Save the Queen’ 
Capital: 
London
 
Largest cities: 
London, Birmingham, Glasgow 
Government: 
Parliamentary system, Constitutional monarchy, Unitary state 
Monarch: 
Queen Elizabeth II 
 
Longest river: 
The Severn (354km long) 
Highest mountain: 
Ben Nevis (1,344 metres high) 
Currency: 
pound sterling 
National holiday: 
2
nd
Saturday in June (1926) Birthday of Queen Elizabeth II 
The 
United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland

commonly known as the 
United Kingdom
(
UK
) or 
Britain 
is a sovereign 
state in Europe. Lying off the north-western coast of the European mainland, 
it includes the island of Great Britain (the name of which is also loosely 
applied to the whole country), the north-eastern part of the island of Ireland, 


and many smaller islands. Northern Ireland is the only part of the UK that 
shares a land border with another sovereign state—the Republic of Ireland. 
Apart from this land border, the UK is surrounded by the Atlantic Ocean, with 
the North Sea to its east, the English Channel to its south and the Celtic Sea to 
its south-southwest, giving it the 12th longest coastline in the world. The Irish 
Sea lies between Great Britain and Ireland. With an area of 242,500 square 
kilometres (93,600 sq mi), the UK is the 78th-largest sovereign state in the 
world and the 11th-largest in Europe. It is also the 21st-most populous 
country, with an estimated 65.1 million inhabitants. Together, this makes it 
the fourth most densely populated country in the European Union
3
.
The 
United 
Kingdom 
is 


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