Choose one topic and write an essay (150-200 words)

69 
 
Unit 
5
INDUSTRIAL AUTOMATION
 
 
 
 

READING 
1. Read the text and complete the sentences using the phrases given
below: 
A)
repetitive tasks quickly and effi-
ciently
 
F) 
soaring healthcare costs, paid 
days off, vacation time 
B) 
twenty-four hours a day, 365 
days a year 
G) 
can eliminate thousands of jobs 
C)
break down 
H)
high-tech machines
D)
pros and cons 
I)
robotic devices
 
E)
running smoothly 
J) 
automating
 
 
Industrial automation is the use of 
(1)
… … … … … to complete man-
ufacturing tasks. In this day and age of computers, it is becoming increas-
ingly important in the manufacturing process because computerized or ro-
botic machines are capable of handling 
(2)
… … … … … . Machines used 
in this field are also capable of completing ordinary tasks that are not desir-
able to workers. In addition, the company can save money because it does 
not need to pay for expensive benefits for this specialized machinery. There 
are both 
(3)
… … … … … for a company when it comes to industrial au-
tomation. 
On the plus side, with 
(4)
… … … … … , and other costly employee 
benefits, companies can save money with industrial automation. While ro-
botic machinery can initially be extremely expensive, the loss of monthly 
wages for production workers leads to incredible savings for the company. 
While machinery can 
(5)
… … … … … , it does not happen often. If it 
does, only a handful of maintenance or computer engineers are needed to 
handle repairs and get lines 
(6)
… … … … … again. 

70 
In addition, industrial automation allows a company to run the plant 
(7)
… … … … …, without paying overtime. This fact alone can add up to 
significant savings. 
A company that employs forty-eight factory workers on three different 
shifts and closes on weekends, for example, can save thousands of dollars 
by 
(8)
… … … … … . This is particularly true if weekend work is neces-
sary, which means overtime pay of time and a half must be paid for Satur-
day work and double-time for Sunday. This equates to an additional twelve 
hours of pay per employee. Of course, life insurance, dental insurance, 
health insurance, pension coverage, and disability also contribute to the ex-
pense. 
Unfortunately for workers, industrial automation 
(9)
… … … … … . 
As the workforce decreases and the cost of living increases, many families 
struggle to make ends meet as their jobs are replaced by 

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