ANALYSIS OF METHODS FOR DETERMINING THE
QUALITY OF AUTOMOBILE FUEL. GASOLINE
ZHAKUPOVA A. O.
student, Toraighyrov University, Pavlodar
ZHAPARGAZINOVA K. H.
c.c.s., professor, Toraighyrov University, Pavlodar
Gasoline, liquefied or compressed gas, as well as diesel fuel are
used as automotive fuel in our time. And the state of the fuel system of
the car depends on the quality of fuel materials [1].
For a long time, gasoline was obtained by rectification (distillation)
and selection of oil fractions that boil away within certain temperature
limits (up to 100 °C – gasoline of the 1st grade, up to 110 °C – special
gasoline, up to 130 °C – gasoline of the 2nd grade) [4].
First of all, one should not confuse the quality and brand, determined
by the octane number: gasoline of lower grades, for example, A-76, is
not necessarily of lower quality than high-octane, it is simply designed
for different working conditions. First of all, a lower compression ratio
in the engine and lower engine operating speed due to a lower rate of
complete evaporation and combustion. It is impossible to build a light
and high-speed engine on low-octane fuel. Therefore, the old engines
that ran on gasoline of the A-66 era, with the usual power of 100 hp
for today, could have a volume of up to 5 liters, a maximum speed of
4–6 thousand and a mass of 250–350 kg (twice as much as the modern
high-speed counterpart).
There is also no reason to believe that A-76 is more harmful to the
environment if it burns completely and under optimal conditions. But
it is more difficult to provide these conditions for low-octane fuel - it
contains fewer volatile components, and the pressure at the beginning
of the cycle (compression) is lower for it. Injectors and, especially,
carburetors produce a fuel suspension consisting of droplets of various
sizes (the so-called aerosol) [2].
Most of these droplets do not have time to completely evaporate
before the start of the working cycle, and during the cycle they no longer
burn (and do not give energy to the engine), but are either released into
the atmosphere unburned, or burn out already in the exhaust pipe at
atmospheric pressure and with the formation of more harmful compounds.
In order for them to evaporate efficiently and already in the form of a gas
mix with the air in the cylinder (which ensures complete combustion of
the fuel), various tricks are used. For example, gasoline spraying on a
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