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In the following lesson, learners use the material in a variety of communication activities. The original
learning techniques and theory developed in 1970s to 1980s by Georgi Lozanov have since developed into the
Accelerated Learning movement. This method is focused on meaningful texts and vocabulary.
Total Physical Response (TPR). This method draws on the basic principles of how young children learn
their first language.
Developed by James Asher, this teaching method involves a wide range of physical
activities and a lot of listening and comprehension, as well as an emphasis on learning as fun
and stimulating.
Total Physical Response has limitations, especially when teaching abstract language and tasks, but is widely
considered to be effective for beginners and is still the standard approach for young learners.
The Silent Way. Another example of a method categorized under the Humanistic Approaches, with this
technique the teacher is supposed to be practically silent – hence the name of the method – and avoids
explaining everything to the students.This method is based on a problem-solving
approach to learning,
whereby the students’ learning becomes autonomous and co-operative. The scope is to help students select the
appropriate phrases and know how to control them, with good intonation and rhythm. The teacher does not
repeat the material nor supplies the phrases that the student has to imitate, and there is no use of the learner’s
native language.
Patterns contain vocabulary, and colored guides for pronunciation are used to assist the
teacher in guiding the students’ understanding while saying the least amount possible. Each method has a
different focus or priority, so let’s look at what this means in practical terms in the classroom. The more
common methods have a link to a separate page with more details and an explanation of how they work,
including the most common method currently used in Communicative Language Teaching:
Method
Focus
Characteristics
Grammar Translation
Written literary texts
Translate from English into your
native language
Direct Method (also called
Natural Method)
Everyday
spoken
language
Student learns by associating meaning
directly in
English
Audio-Lingual Method
Sentence
and
sound
patterns
Listening and speaking drills and
pattern practice only in English
Cognitive Code Approach
Grammar rules
English grammar rules deduced and
then understood in context
Humanistic Approaches – 4 popular examples:
- The Silent Way
Student interaction rather
than teacher
Teacher
is silent to allow student
awareness of how English works
- Suggestopedia
Meaningful
texts
and
vocabulary
Relaxed atmosphere, with music;
encourages
subliminal
learning
of
English
-
Community
Language
Learning
Student interaction
Understanding of English through
active student interaction
- Comprehension Approach
(Natural
Approach,
the
Learnables, and Total Physical
Response)
Listening comprehension
English
speaking
delayed
until
students
are ready; meaning clarified
through actions and visuals
Communicative
Language
Teaching
Interaction,
authentic
communication
and
negotiating meaning
Understanding of English through
active student interaction; role play,
games, information gaps
Content-based,
Task-based,
and Participatory Approaches
What
is
being
communicated, not structure
of English
Content based on relevance to
students’ lives: topics, tasks, problem-
solving
Learning Strategy Training,
Cooperative
Learning,
and
Multiple Intelligences
How to learn?
Teach
learning
strategies,
cooperation; activities vary according to
different intelligences
10 creative ways to teach English that deliver outstanding results. As a
creative school, with a track record
in fantastic English results
,
we are often asked what our specific approach is: how do we teach through the arts
yet manage to maintain such high expectations from all our pupils? I'd like to share some of these approaches
with you.
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1.
Immersion activities. How can children access stories, poems and other texts if their minds and
imaginations not fully engaged? We have found that immersing children in a range of creative activities before
reading the text means that they are fully prepared, and excited, about the reading journey ahead of them.
Through painting, music composition, a film project, in role drama or sculpture, the kids have had a chance to
share vocabulary, ideas and concepts which gives their reading fresh meaning and purpose.
2.
Clear purpose. What's the point of reading and writing anything if you don't know why you're doing
it? We aim to provide children with a clear purpose to all reading, and especially writing tasks. Whether it's an
invitation to the head teacher
to attend a class assembly, an email to an author or an article for a school
newspaper, our children know why the quality of their writing matters: because there will be a real audience
for their published work.
3.
Professional publishing. One effective way of valuing children's work as well as providing a real
incentive, is to plan for a range of ways to publish their writing. Recent examples include a whole school
bookmaking project. Following a whole school Inset on bookbinding techniques, every class published their
own shared book; one example being an anthology of short spooky stories composed by year 6. Their stories
were mounted on handmade paper, accompanied with each child's art work (lino cut style prints on metallic
paper) with a dramatic paper cut out front cover. The effort the children put into their work was immense, and
the results were stunning as a result. The anthology has been enjoyed by parents and other pupils and the
children's pride in their work is clear to see.
4.
Meaningful planning. Where possible, learning in English is linked with subjects within the creative
curriculum we follow: the
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