Анықтама 2 Үшінші ретті анықтауыш деп
санын айтамыз. Бұл сан үш тік және үш жатық жолдардан тұратын
кестесі ретінде белгіленеді және бұл кесте де анықтауыш деп аталады. Мұндағы - анықтауыштың элементтері, і – жатық, ал j – тік жолдарының нөмірі.
Үшінші ретті анықтауыш өзін белгілейтін кесте элементтерінен үшбұрыш немесе Саррюс ережесі бойынша есептеледі. Бұл ереже бойынша плюс таңбасымен алынған үш қосылғыш төменде келтірілген «+» сұлба, ал минус таңбасымен алынған үш қосылғыш «-» сұлба бойынша есептеледі:
«+» сұлба «-» сұлба
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) ![](data:image/png;base64,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)
2. n-ретті анықтауыштар және оның қасиеттері
1-ден -ге дейінгі натурал сандардың кез келген орналасуы алмастыру деп аталады. натурал саннан алмастыру қуруға болады. Егер алмастыруда үлкен сан кіші санның алдында тұрса, онда бұл сандар инверсия (ретсіздік) құрайды.
Егер алмастыру болса, онда осы алмастырудағы инверсия саны деп белгіленеді. Егер инверсия саны жұп болса алмастыру жұп, ал тақ болса тақ деп аталады.
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