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ҮЗДІКСІЗ ПЕДАГОГИКАЛЫҚ БІЛІМ БЕРУ: ӨЗЕКТІ ПРОБЛЕМАЛАРЫ
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Халықаралық пед. оқу. жинагы 10-11.04 2024 (1)
| ҮЗДІКСІЗ ПЕДАГОГИКАЛЫҚ БІЛІМ БЕРУ: ӨЗЕКТІ ПРОБЛЕМАЛАРЫ
ЖӘНЕ ПЕРСПЕКТИВАЛАРЫ НЕПРЕРЫВНОЕ ПЕДАГОГИЧЕСКОЕ ОБРАЗОВАНИЕ: АКТУАЛЬНЫЕ ПРОБЛЕМЫ И ПЕРСПЕКТИВЫ 133 then gradually improved. in 1956, a group of scientists, including Turing, met at the American University of Dartmouth to discuss AI issues. After this meeting, the active development of machines capable of artificial intelligence began. A special role in the development of new technologies in the field of AI was played by the military, which actively funded this area of research. Subsequently, work in the field of artificial intelligence began to attract large companies. Modern life presents researchers with increasingly complex challenges. Therefore, the development of AI is taking place under fundamentally different conditions when compared to the conditions that prevailed at the time of the emergence of artificial intelligence. Despite the successes that have been achieved in this field in recent years (e.g. the emergence of autonomous technology), there are still voices of sceptics who do not believe in the creation of true artificial intelligence. A number of critics fear that the active development of AI will soon lead to machines completely replacing humans. Philosophers do not yet agree on what the nature of human intelligence is and what its status is. In this regard, there are many ideas in scientific works dealing with AI about what problems artificial intelligence can solve. There is also no common understanding of what kind of machine can be considered intelligent. The development of artificial intelligence technologies is currently going in two directions: Descending (semiotic). This involves the development of new systems and knowledge bases that simulate high-level mental processes, such as language, the expression of emotions and thinking. Ascending (biological). This approach involves research in the field of neural networks to create models of intelligent behaviour from the perspective of biological processes. Neurocomputers are developed on the basis of this approach. The Turing test measures the ability of an artificial intelligence (machine) to think like a human being. In general, this approach is about creating an artificial intelligence whose behaviour does not differ from human actions in the same, normal situations. Essentially, the Turing test assumes that a machine is only intelligent if it is impossible to understand who is speaking when communicating with it: the mechanism or a living person. Success in solving problems depends largely on the ability to react flexibly to situations. Unlike humans, machines interpret the data they receive in a consistent way. Therefore, only humans are involved in solving problems. The machine performs operations based on written algorithms that eliminate the need to use multiple abstraction models. It is possible to increase the flexibility of programmes by increasing the resources involved in solving problems. These disadvantages are characteristic of the symbolic approach used in AI development. The logical approach involves the creation of models that simulate the thought process. It is based on the principles of logic. The agent-based approach uses intelligent agents. This approach is based on the following assumption: Intelligence is the computational part through which goals are achieved. The machine plays the role of an intelligent agent. It understands the environment with the help of special sensors and interacts with it through mechanical parts. In the hybrid approach, neural and symbolic models are combined to find a solution to all problems associated with the processes of thinking and computing. Neural networks can, for example, determine the direction in which a machine moves. And static learning provides the basis on which problems are solved. AI technologies are developing in the following directions: Solving problems that allow AI capabilities to approximate human capabilities and finding ways to integrate them into everyday life; developing a full-fledged mind that can be used to solve humanity's problems. Currently, researchers are focussing on developing technologies that solve practical problems. Scientists are not yet ready to create a fully-fledged artificial intelligence. Many |