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MUGINA 006
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- The difference between a gerund and a participle
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The gerund. The participle I The participle II
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The gerund is the most peculiar non—personal form in the English verb system. While the infinitive and participles are forms peculiar to all modern European languages, the gerund has a parallel only in Spanish; Germanic languages, except English, do not have this form. It is a combination of verbal and substantive features. Having a paradigm containing verb features and the ability to take the first (direct) complement, the gerund occupies only substantive positions in the sentence. These contradictory properties expand the possibilities of a simple sentence: the gerund is often an abbreviated way to express relations transmitted in other languages by subordinate clauses. 2 слайд
The nominal character of the Gerund is manifested in its syntactic functions, - its main functions are the subject, the object and the predicate. Walking along the sea shore will bring you a world of good.
I don't approve of your having let us down. Я не одобряю того, что вы подвели нас. His hobby is collecting coins. Его хобби - коллекционирование монет. 4 слайд
Another nominal characteristic is that the Gerund can be used with prepositions. I insist on his being sent to this business trip. Я настаиваю, чтобы его отправили в эту командировку. The Gerund can be modified by the possessive pronouns or by nouns in the possessive case. The doctors insist on my giving up smoking.
You can rely on Nick's doing this work well. Ты можешь положиться на Ника, он сделает работу хорошо. 5 слайд Still the Gerund is a verbal part of speech having some verbal characteristics: The Gerund can be modified by an adverb. I hate speaking loudly. Ненавижу, когда громко разноваривают. The Gerund of transitive verbs can take a direct object. Making this program took four months.
The Gerund has tense and voice distinctions, - it has two tenses and two voices. 6 слайд
The Indefinite Gerund denotes an action simultaneous with the action expressed by the finite verb and the Perfect Gerund - and action prior to it. I don't approve of your being late for the lesson so often. Я не одобряю то, что ты так часто опаздываешь на занятия. I don't approve of your having signed the document. Я не одобряю то, что ты подписал эти документы. However there are some exceptions to this rule: After the verbs to remember, to excuse, to forgive and to thank the Indefinite Gerund is used even when priority is meant. Я помню, что где-то видел вас. I remember seeing you somewhere. Простите, что заставил вас ждать. Excuse my keeping you waiting. 7 слайд
After the prepositions on (upon), without, after and at (the later in adverbial modifier of time only), the Indefinite Gerund is used even if priority is meant. At hearing his voice she startled. Услышав его голос она заплакала. On coming into the room she closed the window. Зайдя в комнату она закрыла окно. 8 слайд
There are some exceptions connected with the use of the voices too, - after the verbs need, to want (in the meaning of нуждаться), to deserve (заслуживать) and the expression to be worth (быть стоящим, стоить) the Active Gerund is used even if the meaning is passive. The flat wants repairing. Этой квартире нужен ремонт. The child deserves praising. Этого ребенка нужно похвалить. 9 cлайд
ЗАДАНИЕ 1 9 слайд
10 слайд
The difference between a gerund and a participle The gerund and the present participle, although they have the ending -ing and coincide in form, but they can be distinguished by the shade of meaning. The participle in its meaning is closer to the adjective, and the gerund is closer to the noun: That man buying products at the store seems familiar. – Тот человек, покупающий продукты в магазине, кажется мне знакомым. In this example, buying denotes a sign — "what kind of person? Buying groceries." This is the participle. Shouting will not do any good. – Shouting won't help matters. And here shouting is used in the meaning of the subject — it is a gerund. 11 слайд
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