Тема: Работа в термодинамике
1.
Работа газа – gas work (|ɡæs| |ˈwɜːk|)
2.
Изохорный процесс – isochoric process (|ˈaisokɒrɪk| |ˈprәʊsɛs|)
3.
Изобарный процесс – isobaric process (|ˈaisobarɪk| |ˈprәʊsɛs|))
265
4.
Изотермический процесс – isothermal process (|ˌaɪsәˈθɜːmәl|
|ˈprәʊsɛs|))
5.
Адиабатный процесс – adiabatic process (|ˌeɪdʌɪәˈbatɪk| |ˈprәʊsɛs|))
6.
Сжатие газа – gas compression (|ɡæs| |kәmˈprɛʃ(ә)n|)
7.
Расширение газа – gas expansion ((|ɡæs| |ɪkˈspanʃ(ә)n|)
8.
Количество теплоты – quantity of heat (|ˈkwɒntɪti| |hiːt|)
9.
Удельная теплоемкость – specific heat (|spәˈsɪfɪk| |hiːt|)
10.
Удельная теплота сгорания – specific heat of combustion (|spәˈsɪfɪk|
|hiːt| |kәmˈbʌstʃ(ә)n|)
11.
Удельная теплота плавления – specific heat of fusion ((|spәˈsɪfɪk| |hiːt|
|ˈfjuːʒ(ә)n|)
12.
Коэффициент полезного действия – efficiency (|ɪˈfɪʃ(ә)nsi|)
13.
Полезная работа – useful work (|ˈjuːsfʊl| |ˈwɜːk|)
14.
Затраченная работа – spent work (|spɛnt| |ˈwɜːk|))
15.
Внутренняя энергия – internal energy (|ɪnˈtәːn(ә)l| |ˈɛnәdʒi|)
16.
Нагревание газа – gas heating (|ɡæs| |ˈhiːtɪŋ|)
17.
Охлаждение газа – gas cooling (|ɡæs| |ˈkuːlɪŋ|)
18.
Внутренняя энергия увеличивается – internal energy increases
(|ɪnˈtәːn(ә)l| |ˈɛnәdʒi| |ɪnˈkriːsɪz|)
19.
Внутренняя энергия уменьшается – internal energy decreases
((|ɪnˈtәːn(ә)l| |ˈɛnәdʒi| |dɪˈkriːsɪz|)
The x-ray tube.
Record the maximum number of terms.
Тема: рентгеновские лучи
РУССКИЙ
АНГЛИЙСКИЙ
КАЗАХСКИЙ
Излучение
Radiation
Сәулелену
Катод
Cathode
Катод
Анод
Anode
Анод
Электрод
Electrode
Электрод
Рентгеновская трубка
X-ray tube
Рентгендік түтік
Луч
Ray
Сәуле
Неизвестные лучи
Unknow rays
Белгісіз сәулелер
Свет
Shine
Жарық
Тепловое излучение
Thermal radiation
Жылулық сәулелену
Инфракрасное излучение
Infrared radiation
Инфрақызыл сәулелену
Чёрное тело
Black body
Қара дене
Отражение
Reflection
Шағылу
266
Солнце
Sun
Күн
Источник теплового излучения
Thermal radiation source
Жылулық сәулелену көзі
Электрон
Electron
Электрон
Торможение
Braking
Тежелу
Резкое торможение
Abrupt Braking
Кенет тежелу
Вакуум
Vacuum
Вакуум
Напряжение
Voltage
Кернеу
Скорость
Speed
Жылдамдық
Рентгеновское излучение
X-ray radiation
Рентгендік сәулелену
Рентгеновские лучи
X-rays
Рентгендік сәулелер
Вырывание
Election
Жұлу
The topic: Problem solving.
Problem 1.
Сompare: figure-formula
V
1
V
2
V
12
=V
1
-V
2
V
1
V
2
V
12
=√V
2
1
+V
2
2
V
1
V
2
V
12
=V
1
+V
2
Problem 2.
Two cars move evenly one after another. The speed of the first is 60 km / h,
and the speed of the second is 50 km / h. Determine the speed of the second train
relative to the first.
Problem 3.
River flow velocity υ = 3 m / s. Determine the module of the speed υ
1
of the
boat relative to the water, if the boat moves perpendicular to the shore at a speed υ
2
=
6 m / s relative to it. Draw a picture to the task.
Problem 4.
The plane, whose speed relative to the air is 400 km / h, flies north. Suddenly a
northwest wind blew at a speed of 90 km / h relative to the ground. Determine at
what angle to the direction to the west the pilot must direct the plane in order to
continue to fly north, and what will be equal to the speed of the plane relative to the
ground.
Problem 5.
How much time a passenger sitting at the window of a train moving at a speed
of 36 km / h will see a passing train passing by him, with a speed of 54 km / h and a
length of 520 m?
Problem 6.
267
Flying with a speed of 1500 km / h the fighter aircraft launches a rocket having
a speed of 1500 km / h. What is the speed of a rocket relative to the Earth, if it is
launched a) forward, b) backward, c) to the side?
Problem 7.
A car 2.4 m wide moving at a speed of 15 m / s was punctured by a bullet
flying perpendicular to the movement of the car. The offset of the holes in the walls
of the car relative to each other is 6 cm. What is the speed of the bullet?
W)
200 m / s 2) 300 m / s 3) 400 m / s 4) 500 m / s 5) 600 m / s
Задания и материалы по биологии
Section I “Cell – a unit of living”
Раздел I «Клетка – единица живого»
Глава 1«Химический состав клетки»
Chapter 1 “The chemical composition of the cell”
1 The task. Find the correspondence of the level of organization of wildlife
with the example: (уровень организации жив)
1 fat, 2 steppe, 3 pack of wolves, 4 neurons, 5 desert, 6 dermis, 7 biosphere, 8
livers, 9 root 10 RNA 11 Baltic Sea 12 tarantula 13 euglena 14 epithelium
1 Molecular
2 Cellular
3 Fabric
4 Organ
5 Organically
6 Population Species
7 Biocenotic
8 Biosphere
2 The task. True or false
1. Koatservaty – the first living organisms on Earth.
2. The temperature of the Earth at the time of formation reached 1000˚С.
3. The composition of the primary atmosphere included gases: methane,
ammonia, nitrogen, water vapor.
4. Kozervaty not able to absorb substances from the surrounding solution
5. At present, spontaneous generation of living organisms is impossible on
Earth.
6. Condensation of water vapor began during the cooling of the planet.
7. Kozervaty are bubbles of liquid surrounded by protein films.
8. The first living organisms on Earth were heterotrophs.
9. The formation of organic substances was promoted by the absence of an
ozone screen in the atmosphere.
10. The sequence of protein formation is ammonia “amines” amino acids
“protein.”
3 The task. Find matches: carbohydrate classification and examples
monosaccharides
disaccharides
polysaccharides
268
: fructose lactose sucrose chitin glycogen glucose starch maltose
milk, beet sugar, fruit, potato tubers, mushrooms, arthropod shell, honey
Chapter 2 “Structure and function of the cell”
Глава 2 «Структура и функции клетки»
1 The task. “Plasmolysis and deplasmolysis in onion peel cells”. View the
image:
1 Describe the phenomenon of plasmolysis
2 Describe the phenomenon of deplasmolysis
3 Answer the question: what is the biological significance of plasmolysis and
deplasmolysis?
2 The task. Sign the structure of the bacteria
Chapter 3 “Providing cells with energy”
Глава 3 «Обеспечение клеток энергией»
1 The task. Fill the table
Preparatory stage
Oxygen Free Stage
Oxygen stage
Where does the splitting
occur?
How
is
splitting
activated?
How much energy is
synthesized in the form
of ATP?
Chapter 4 “Ancestral Information and Its Implementation in a Cell”
Глава 4 «Наследственная информация и реализация ее в клетке»
1 The task. To solve a task:
Given the section of the right DNA chain:
T-T-C-T-C-A-C-G-C-A-A-A-G-T-C
Build a fragment of the protein encoded in the left chain of the gene
Section II Reproduction and individual development of organisms
Раздел II Размножение и индивидуальное развитие организмов
Chapter 1 “Self-reproduction – the universal property of the living”
Chapter 2 “Individual development of organisms”
Глава 1 «Самовоспроизведение – всеобщее свойство живого»
Глава 2 «Индивидуальное развитие организмов»
1 The task. Indicate the stages of mitosis
2 The task. Sign the pistil and stamen:
Section III “Basics of Genetics and Breeding”
Раздел III «Основы генетики и селекции»
Chapter 1 “Basic laws of heredity”
269
Глава 1 «Основные закономерности наследственности»
1 The task. Methods of research of human genetics:
1
Genealogical method
– determines the contribution of genetic and environmental factors
in the development of specific signs or diseases in humans
2
Twin method
– microscopic examination of human chromosomes
3
Biochemical method
– Pedigree analysis is used to identify dominant, semi-dominant
and recessive traits
4
Cytogenetic method
– based on biochemical analyzes to establish deviations in
metabolism
2 The task. Establish a match:
between types of mutations and their characteristics.
W)
gene В) chromosomal С) genomic
1. The number of chromosomes increased by 1-2
2. One DNA nucleotide is replaced by another
3. The section of one chromosome is transferred to another
Chapter 2 «Patterns of variability»
Глава 2 «Закономерности изменчивости»
1 Task. Chromosomal mutations. Fill in the blanks
INVERSION DUPLICATION DELETION TRANSLOCATION
1) Loss of chromosome region -….
2) Doubling the chromosome region - ....
3) Rotation of the chromosome region through 180С-….
4) Exchange between areas of nonhomologous chromosomes -….
Chapter 3 “Genetics and Selection”
Глава 3 «Генетика и селекция»
1 Task. Find a match:
1
Inbreeding
А
Getting inter-specific hybrids
2
Outbreeding
В
Multiple increase in the number of
chromosomes
3
Heterosis
С
Unrelated crossing
4
Polyploidy
D
Splash of hybrid power
5
Hybridization
Е
Inbreeding
Section IV «Evolution»
Раздел IV «Эволюция»
Chapter 1 «The development of evolutionary ideas. Evidence of evolution»
Глава 1«Развитие эволюционных идей. Доказательства эволюции»
1 The task. What kind of scientist are we talking about? Lamarck or Linna?
1 Founder of the science of taxonomy……
2 Introduced binary nomenclature…..
270
3 Approved species immutability……
4 Author of the first evolutionary theory……
5 Per unit of evolution took an individual……
6 The reason for the variability of species considered the pursuit of excellence.
2 The task. View Criteria. Define type criteria:
1 Metabolism
2 Breeding
3 Dwelling species in the steppe
4 Nucleic acid structure
5 Mating songs
6 The internal structure of the individual
7 The similarity of the species karyotype
3 The task. View Criteria. Define type criteria:
1 Dwelling species in the tundra
2 Behavior of individuals
3 The external structure of the individual
4 Irritability
5 Number of chromosomes
6 Mating games
7 Protein structure
4 The task. View Criteria. To solve a task: what criteria are we talking about?
Cobras are very dangerous animals. Have a poison. The poison of the cobras
inhibits the central nervous system and leads to paralysis of the respiratory center
(…………………). This is a large snake about 2 m long, painted in a variety of
colors – from light to almost black (…………………….). In Turkmenistan, cobra is
most often found in the foothills and intermountain depressions covered with grass
vegetation (…………… .............)
Кобры — очень опасные животные. Имеют яд. Яд кобр угнетает
центральную нервную систему и приводит к параличу дыхательного центра
(…………………). Это крупная змея длиной около 2 м, окрашенная в
разнообразные цвета — от светлого до почти черного (…………………….).В
Туркмении кобра чаще всего встречается в предгорьях и межгорных
понижениях покрытых травянистой растительностью (………………………).
5 The task. View Criteria. To solve a task: what criteria are we talking about?
Hippopotamus or hippo. The dimensions are very large: in adult males, the
length of the body is up to 4.5 m, the weight is up to 3.2 tons (……………… ..). The
skin contains many glands, the skin from drying out in the air. The secret has a
reddish color, so the living beasts are pinkish in color (………………….). Hippos
sleep during the day in shallow water or near water, at night graze on coastal
meadows (... ... ... ... ... ... .... ...) ..
Бегемот или гиппопотам. Размеры очень крупные: у взрослых самцов
длина тела до 4,5 м, масса до 3,2 тонн (………………..). Кожа содержит много
271
желез, кожу от высыхания на воздухе. Секрет имеет красноватый цвет, поэтому
живые звери розоватого цвета (………………….). Бегемоты днем спят на
мелководье или около воды, ночью пасутся на прибрежных лугах
(………….…….…)..
6 The task. Fill in the table: identify the features of the complexity in the
structure of plants of different departments + or –
Symptom/
Aromorphosis
Mosses
Ferns
Gymnastics
Angiosperms
Root
Stem
Leaves
Controversy
Seeds
Flowers
Fruit
Chapter 2 «Mechanisms of the Evolutionary Process»
Глава 2 «Механизмы эволюционного процесса»
1 The task. Struggle for existence. Fill in the table
№
Type of struggle
Description
Example
1
Intraspecific struggle
2
Interspecies struggle
3
Fight against abiotic factors
2 The task. There are 5 types of patronizing coloring. Find a match
№
Protective coloration
Description
1
Cryptic coloring
А
matching the background color
2
Dismembering coloring
В
body contour is lost
3
Stealing paint
С
the play of light and shadow
4
Mimicry
D
imitation of lifeless
5
Demonstration
Е
scare or perplex
3 The task. Types of adaptations of organisms. Describe the type of fitness
appropriate example
№ Кind of fitness
Description
Example
1
Protective coloration
hare white
2
Disguise
chopstick
3
Mimicry
fly – hover – bee
4
Warning coloring
fly agaric
5
Menacing poses
Friar lizard
6
Caring for offspring
hatching eggs by swans
Chapter 4 “The development of life on Earth”
272
Глава 4«Развитие жизни на Земле»
1 The task. What events relate to the Archean era?
А) occurrence of eukaryotes
В) appearance of intestinal cavities
С) appearance of blue-green and unicellular algae
D) the emergence of multicellularity
F) occurrence of photosynthesis
G) sexual reproduction
H) The composition of the atmosphere mainly: carbon dioxide, water, nitrogen,
hydrogen sulfide
I) Mountain-building processes
2 The task. What events relate to the Archean era?
А) The appearance of red and brown algae
B) Century of cyanobacteria
C) Glaciation
D) Types of food: heterotrophs and autotrophs
F) Appearance of free oxygen
G) Active volcanic activity
H) Trilobites
I) Century prokaryotes
3 The task. Palaeozoic. Fill in: what period are we talking about?
Periods: Ordovic Cambrian Silur Devon Carbon Perm
1 The first reptiles appeared…
2 Ferns appeared in …
3 “The age of fish”- …
4 Fish spread widely in the period …
5 The first plants came out on land …
6 Stegotsefal first appeared in the period …
7 Mainland Pangea was formed in …
8 The ancestors of modern sharks and chimeras appeared in …
4 The task. Create a smart map of the period. Mesozoic era: 1 Trias 2 Jura 3
Mel
5 The task. Palaeozoic. Fill in: what period are we talking about?
Periods: Ordovic Cambrian Silur Devon Carbon Perm
1 Feline warm-blooded reptiles are characteristic ...
2 Trilobites appeared
3 Coal is formed in…
4 The appearance of insects…
5 For the first time amphibians appeared...
273
6 Horsetails, moss appeared...
7 Climate: in the north it is hot in the south is cool
8 The first sushi plants are called …
Chapter 5 “The Origin of Man”
Глава 5 «Происхождение человека»
1 The task. Distribute signs on atavisms and rudiments
1
Rudiment
2
Atavism
1 ear and nose muscles (мышцы уха и носа)
2 thick hair (густой волосяной покров)
3 wisdom tooth (зуб мудрости)
4 multi-nozzle (многососковость)
5 nictitating membrane (мигательная перепонка)
6 coccyx vertebrae (копчиковые позвонки)
7 appendix (аппендикс)
8 body hair (волосы на теле)
9 tail (хвостатость)
2 The task. Are the sentences true or false
1-Neanderthal a reasonable man- человек разумный +
2-Рithecanthropus arch of foot – свод стопы +
3-Neanderthal речь- speech +
4- Рithecanthropus cave -пещера +
5-Рithecanthropus society - общество -
6-Neanderthal growth - рост 170-180 см -
7-Рithecanthropus a fire – огонь +
3 The task. Stages of anthropogenesis. Fill in the blanks
W.
The common ancestor of man and modern apes are (Общим предком
человека и современных человекообразных обезьян являются)
__________________.
(driopitecs)
W.
Driopithecs probably initiated human evolution and were the forerunners of
(Дриопитеки, вероятно, положили начало эволюции человека и
явились предшественниками) ________________.
(australopithecines)
W.
Stages of anthropogenesis (Этапы антропогенеза)
_____________,___________,___________.
(древнейшие люди, древние люди, люди современного типа)
W.
Oldest
people
(Древнейшие
люди):__________,
________,_____________.
(Pithecanthropus, sinantrop, Heidelberg man)
W.
The most ancient people represents (Древнейших людей представляет)
________________.
274
( ыны салу ls)
W.
Modern people (Люди современного типа) _____________.
(Cro-Magnons)
W.
To ape-like (К обезьяноподобным
(pithecanthropus)
4 The task. Evidence of evolution. Fill in the right column of the table
Evidence of animal animal origin
(Доказательства животного
происхождения человека)
What takes into account
(Что учитывает)
1. Paleontological
Finds of ancient and ancient people (Находки
древних и древнейших людей )
2. Embryological
Takes into account the similarity of embryonic
development of vertebrates (Учитывает сходство
зародышевого развития позвоночных)
3. Cytogenetic
The similarity of the genetic apparatus (Сходство
генетического аппарата)
4. Comparatively – anatomical
Comparisons of the external structure (Сравнения
внешнего строения)
5. Physiological
The similarity of physiological processes (Сходство
физиологических процессов)
5 The task. Human race. Are the sentences true or false
1 European race – blond hair
2 Азия Negroid race – Asia
3 Negroid race-black hair color
4 Европа European race – Europe
5 Mongoloid race – blond hair
Section V “Fundamentals of Ecology”
Раздел V «Основы экологии»
Chapter 1 «Ecosystems»
Глава 1 «Экосистемы»
1 The task. Complete the sentence
Population ecology is a section of general ecology that studies population
dynamics of populations, intrapopulation groups, and their interrelations…….
(Demecology)
275
The section of ecology that considers the relationship of a separate organism
(species) with the environment……
(Autecology)
Section of ecology, studying the relationship of organisms of various species
within a community of organisms…….
(Synecology)
2 The task. Habitats of organisms.
Мake a characteristic of the habitat of living organisms.
Habitat
Name of the
inhabitants
Organisms
environment
Habitat density
Water
Land-air
The soil
3 The task. To make the characteristic of the abiotic factor: LIGHT
4 The task. To make the characteristic of abiotic factors
5 The task.
Food chains. Distribute the organisms into three groups by type of food.
PRODUCERS
CONSUMENTS
REDUCERS
MUSHROOMS
SPRUCE
TARANTULA
ALGAE
SENSEVIERA
MAHAON
PENICILLIUM
BEETLE DEAD
BACTERIUM
CHEETAH
ELEPHANT
SUNFLOWER
6 The task. Remember the principle of making food chains:
276
А) Make up the ocean food chain
В) Specify the consumer order 2
7 The task. View the image.
А Make possible supply chains (no more than 5 links)
В Specify the consuments of order I
8 The task. View the image.
А Make possible supply chains (no more than 5 links)
В Specify the consuments of order I I
9 The task. Remember the principle of making food chains:
А) Make up the steppe food chain
В) Make up the food chain of the Tobol River
С) Make a food chain of birch wood
В) Make up the taiga food chain
10 The task. Remember the principle of making food chains:
А) Make up the desert food chain
В) Specify the consumer order 1
11 The task. Remember the principle of making food chains:
А) Make up the jungle food chain
В) Specify the producers of the chain
12 The task. Remember the principle of making food chains:
А) Make a food chain of the steppe of Kazakhstan
В) Specify the chain of decomposers
13 The task. Recall the characteristics of the ecological pyramid.
1 Describe the composition of the base of the pyramid
2 Describe the top of the pyramid
3 How many percent of energy goes to each level?
14 The task. Pull back the process of “succession”
1) Describe the succession at number 1
2) Describe the succession at number 5
3) “pioneers” in succession is ..
15 The task. Pull back the process of “succession”
1) Describe the succession at number 6
2) Describe the succession at number 2
16 The task. Pull back the process of “succession”
1) Describe the succession at number 8
2) Describe the succession at number 3
17 The task. Unscrable each of the clue words. On the topic “Population.
Communities”
NPPUATIOOL
DPIER
AYMLFI
TUMULSMAI
MCMEONSASLMI
TAPRMATEN
277
ONPERDTAI
ASPRIASTMI
PCOTMTINEOI
(POPULATION PRIDE FAMILY MUTUALISM COMMENSALISM
PARTMENT PREDATION PARASITISM COMPETITION)
18 The task. Distribute environmental factors into 3 main groups:
biotic
аbiotic
anthropogenic
1 water temperature
2Parasitism
3Temperature
4 Plowing land
5Cannibalism
6Symbiosis
7Parasitism scab mite
8Air Composition
9 landfill
10moisture
11 light
12 mining
Chapter 2 “Biosphere. The impact of human activity on the biosphere.
Protection of the biosphere «
Глава 2 «Биосфера. Влияние деятельности человека на биосферу. Охрана
биосферы»
1 The task. Characterize the boundaries of the biosphere:
Вoundaries of the
biosphere
Length
Main cast
Organisms
Atmosphere
Hydrosphere
Lithosphere
2 The task. The cycle of matter and the flow of energy in nature. Short answer.
Substance
What process is
involved in?
Where meets?
What organisms are
involved in the
process?
Carbon cycle
Nitrogen cycle
Sulfur cycle
Phosphorus cycle
278
Section I. Cytology. Problems of Cytology
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