Учебно практическое пособие

computers 
and dividing 
12. Arrange the words with a similar meaning in pairs: 
1.
to calculate 
a.
additional 
2.
an abacus
b.
machine 
3.
extra 
c.
decrease 
4.
devise 
d.
to figure out 
5.
reduce 
e.
a bead frame
UNIT 2 What is a Computer? 
Vocabulary 
intricate - сложный 
exponentiation- возведение в степень
tiny - 
крошечный
to feed- вводить, 
подавать
a core - сердечник 
a microcomputer -
микрокомпьютер
to manipulate - 
управлять
a circuit – цепь, схема
to magnetize -
намагничивать
unfortunately – к 
сожалению
to perform - выполнять 
dull [dʌl]- скучный, 
неинтересный
to supply- снабжать, 
поставлять
a routine [ruːˈtiːn]- программа 
capability - 
возможность
a judgement
[ˈʤʌʤmənt]- 
решение
addition -
сложение
instantaneously - мгновенно 
[ɪnstənˈteɪnɪəslɪ]
subtraction- 
вычитание
remarkable powers- удивительные 
свойства
division -
деление
make decisions- принимать 
решения
multiplication -
умножение
arrange- расположить
 
1. Read and translate the text. 
A computer is a machine with an intricate network of electronic circuits that 
operate switches or magnetize tiny metal cores. The switches, like the cores, are 
capable of being in one of two possible states, that is, on or off; magnetized. 

The machine is capable of storing and manipulating numbers, letters and 
characters. 
The basic idea of a computer is that we can make the machine do what we want by 
inputting signals that turn certain switches on and turn others off, or that magnetize 
or do not magnetize the cores. 
The basic job of computers is the processing of information. For this reason, 
computers can be defined as devices which accept information in the form of 
instructions called a program and characters called data performing mathematical 
and logical operations on the information, and then supply results of these 
operations. 
The program or a part of it, which tells the computers what to do and the data, 
which provide the information needed to solve the problem, are kept inside the 
computer in a place called memory. 
Computers are thought to have many remarkable powers. Most computers, whether 
large or small have three basic capabilities. 
First, computers have circuits for performing arithmetical operations, such as: 
addition, subtraction, division, multiplication and exponentiation. Second, 
computers have means of communicating with the user. If we couldn’t feed 
information in and get results back these machine wouldn’t be of much use. 
However, certain computers (commonly minicomputers and microcomputers) are 
used to control directly things such as robots, aircraft navigation systems, medical 
instruments, etc. Some of the most common methods of inputting information are 
to use terminals, diskettes, disks and magnetic tapes. 
The computer’s input device reads the information into the computer. For 
outputting information, two common devices are used a printer which prints the 
new information on paper, or a cathode-ray tube (CRT) display screen which 
shows the results on a TV-like a screen. Third, computers have circuits which can 
make decisions. The kinds of decisions which computer circuits can make are not 
of the type: ‘Who would win a war between two countries?’ or ‘Who is the richest 
person in the world?’ Unfortunately, the computer can only decide three things, 
namely:’ Is one number use more often than another? ‘Are two numbers equal?’ 
and, ‘Is one number greater than another?’ 
A computer can solve a series of problems and make hundreds even thousands of 
logical operations without becoming tired or bored. A computer can replace people 
in dull routine, but it works according to the instructions given to it and cannot 
exercise value judgements. 

A computer cannot do anything unless a person tells it what to do and gives the 
appropriate information, but because of electric pulses can move at the speed of 
light, a computer can carry out vast numbers of arithmetical-logical operations 
almost instantaneously. 

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