Утвердительные предложения
1. Если вводное предложение при прямой речи стоит в Present Simple, то в косвенной речи не происходит сдвига (замены) времен:
She says, “I like ice cream” ? She says that she likes ice cream.
Как видно из примера, изменилось местоимение из I на she, поэтому изменился и глагол из like на likes, но остался в том же времени.
2. Если вводное предложение в прошедшем времени, то и основное меняем на прошедшее (backshift):
She said, “I like ice cream” ? She said that she liked ice cream.
My sister said, “I have just come back from the park” ? My sister told me that she had just come from the park.
Kate said “I am going to buy a new car” ? Kate said that she was going to buy a new car.
“I will be 30 next summer”, said Tom. ? Tom said that he would be 30 the following summer.
Таблица изменения времен в косвенной речи
Direct Speech
|
Reported Speech
|
Present Simple
|
Present Simple
|
Present Continuous
|
Past Continuous
|
Past Simple
|
Past Perfect
|
Present Perfect
|
Past Perfect
|
Past Continuous
|
Past Perfect Continuous
|
Past Perfect Continuous
|
Present Perfect Continuous
|
Future I (going to)
|
Was/ were going to
|
Future I (will)
|
Conditional I would
|
Conditional I (would)
|
Как упоминалось выше, изменяется не только время, но и показатели времени и места.
Direct Speech
|
Reported Speech
|
today
|
that day
|
now
|
then
|
yesterday
|
the day before
|
tomorrow
|
the next day/ the following day
|
…days ago
|
… days before
|
last week
|
the week before
|
next year
|
the following year
|
here
|
there
|
this
|
that
|
these
|
those
|
She said “This is the best summer” ? She said that that was the best summer.
My mother said “I found your book several days ago” ? My mother said that she had found my book several days before.
I called my friend and she said “I am watching TV now” ? I called my friend and she said that she was watching TV then.
Вопросительные предложения
Прямые вопросы трансформируются в непрямые вопросы, используются вопросительные слова или вводные слова if/ whether.
“How old are you?” ? He asked me how old I was.
Tom asked Jane “Where do you live?” ? Tom asked Jane where she lived.
She asked “Do you know this man?” ? She asked if I knew that man.
My friend asks “Are you going with us?” ? My friend asks whether I am going with them.
Просьбы, пожелания, советы
Для просьб, пожеланий и советов времена не имеют значения, так как используется форма to+infinitive:
He said “Bring me the book” ? He asked to bring him the book.
She said “Come to me tomorrow” ? She asked to come to her place the next day.
My mother said “Don’t eat the cake before dinner” ? My mother asked me not to eat the cake before dinner.
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