Numerical method
1)First solve the equations (6),(9) and find
𝑢
𝑖𝑗
∗
,
𝑣
𝑖𝑗
∗
2)Solve equation (12) until steady state and find P
3) Find
𝑢
𝑖𝑗
𝑛+1
, 𝑣
𝑖𝑗
𝑛+1
equations from (10),(11)
4) Check for convergence, if it doesn’t converge start from
1
𝑠𝑡
step with
new u and v.
𝑢
𝑖𝑗
𝑛+1
−𝑢
𝑖𝑗
∗
+𝑢
𝑖𝑗
∗
−𝑢
𝑖𝑗
𝑛
∆𝑡
= −
1
𝜌
𝜕𝑃
𝜕𝑥
-u
𝜕𝑢
𝜕𝑥
− 𝑣
𝜕𝑢
𝜕𝑦
+
1
𝑅𝑒
(
𝜕
2
𝑢
𝜕𝑥
2
+
𝜕
2
𝑢
𝜕𝑦
2
)
(4)
𝑢
𝑖𝑗
𝑛+1
−𝑢
𝑖𝑗
∗
∆𝑡
= −
1
𝜌
𝜕𝑃
𝜕𝑥
(5)
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𝑢
𝑖𝑗
∗
−𝑢
𝑖𝑗
𝑛
∆𝑡
= −u
𝜕𝑢
𝜕𝑥
−
𝜕𝑣
𝜕𝑦
+
1
𝑅𝑒
(
𝜕
2
𝑢
𝜕𝑥
2
+
𝜕
2
𝑢
𝜕𝑦
2
)
(6)
– Burger’s equation
𝑣−𝑣
𝑖𝑗
∗
+𝑣
𝑖𝑗
∗
−𝑣
𝑖𝑗
𝑛
∆𝑡
= −
1
𝜌
𝜕𝑃
𝜕𝑥
-u
𝜕𝑣
𝜕𝑥
− 𝑣
𝜕𝑣
𝜕𝑦
+
1
𝑅𝑒
(
𝜕
2
𝑣
𝜕𝑥
2
+
𝜕
2
𝑣
𝜕𝑦
2
)
(7)
𝑣
𝑖𝑗
𝑛+1
−𝑣
𝑖𝑗
∗
∆𝑡
= −
1
𝜌
𝜕𝑃
𝜕𝑥
(8)
𝑣
𝑖𝑗
∗
−𝑣
𝑖𝑗
𝑛
∆𝑡
= −u
𝜕𝑣
𝜕𝑥
−
𝜕𝑣
𝜕𝑦
+
1
𝑅𝑒
(
𝜕
2
𝑣
𝜕𝑥
2
+
𝜕
2
𝑣
𝜕𝑦
2
)
(9)
– Burger’s equation
𝑢
𝑖𝑗
𝑛+1
= 𝑢
𝑖𝑗
∗
−
∆𝑡
𝜌
𝜕𝑃
𝜕𝑥
(10)
𝑣
𝑖𝑗
𝑛+1
= 𝑣
𝑖𝑗
∗
−
∆𝑡
𝜌
𝜕𝑃
𝜕𝑥
(11)
𝜕(𝑢
∗
−
∆𝑡
𝜌
𝜕𝑃
𝜕𝑥
)
𝜕𝑥
+
𝜕(𝑣
∗
−
∆𝑡
𝜌
𝜕𝑃
𝜕𝑦
)
𝜕𝑦
= 0
(12)
𝜕
2
𝑃
𝜕𝑥
2
+
𝜕
2
𝑃
𝜕𝑥
2
=
𝜌
∆𝑡
(
𝜕𝑢
∗
𝜕𝑥
+
𝜕𝑣
∗
𝜕𝑦
)
(13)
There are program code which describe modeling Navier-Stokes equation in
C++. We separation our mesh 31 to 31.
intconst N = 31, M = 31;
int k = 0, kk = 0;
double dx = 1.0 / (N - 1), dy = 1.0 / (M - 1), eps = pow(10, -5), Re =
10.0, dt = 0.000025;
In the inlet u equal to the 1 from Dirichlet condition, at the outlet condition is
written by Newman condition.
for (inti = 0; i<= (N - 1) / 3; i++) {
uold[0][i] = 1.0;
unew[0][i] = 1.0;
uhalf[0][i] = 1.0;}
for (int j = 2.0 * (N - 1) / 3; j < N; j++) {
unew[N - 1][j] = unew[N - 2][j];
uold[N - 1][j] = uold[N - 2][j];
uhalf[N - 1][j] = uhalf[N - 2][j];}
do {
for (inti = 0; i<= (N - 1) / 3; i++) {
uold[0][i] = 1.0;
unew[0][i] = 1.0;
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uhalf[0][i] = 1.0;}
for (int j = 2.0 * (N - 1) / 3; j < N; j++) {
unew[N - 1][j] = unew[N - 2][j];
uold[N - 1][j] = uold[N - 2][j];
uhalf[N - 1][j] = uhalf[N - 2][j];}
Building speeds become zero. In the other cases implemented the folowiong
formula:
for (inti = 1; i< N - 1; i++) {
for (int j = 1; j < M - 1; j++) {
if (i>= 21 &&i<= 28 && j >= 2 && j <= 10 || i>= 12
&&i<= 20 && j >= 12 && j <= 20 || i>= 2 &&i<= 10 && j >= 21 && j <= 28){
uhalf[i][j] = 0.;
vhalf[i][j] = 0.;}
else {
uhalf[i][j] = uold[i][j] - dt * (uold[i][j] * (uold[i + 1][j] - uold[i - 1][j]) / (2.0 *
dx) + vold[i][j] * (uold[i][j + 1] - uold[i][j - 1]) / (2.0 * dy) - ((uold[i + 1][j] - 2.0 *
uold[i][j] + uold[i - 1][j]) / (dx * dx) + (uold[i][j + 1] - 2.0 * uold[i][j] + uold[i][j - 1])
/ (dy * dy)) / Re);
vhalf[i][j] = vold[i][j] - dt * (uold[i][j] * (vold[i + 1][j] - vold[i - 1][j]) / (2.0 *
dx) + vold[i][j] * (vold[i][j + 1] - vold[i][j - 1]) / (2.0 * dy) - ((vold[i + 1][j] - 2.0 *
vold[i][j] + vold[i - 1][j]) / (dx * dx) + (vold[i][j + 1] - 2.0 * vold[i][j] + vold[i][j - 1])
/ (dy * dy)) / Re);}}}
k = 0;
do {
for (inti = 0; i< N; i++) {
Pold[i][0] = Pold[i][1];
Pnew[i][0] = Pnew[i][1];
for (inti = 2.0 * (N - 1) / 3; i< N; i++) {
… }
Pnew[i][j] = ((Pold[i + 1][j] + Pold[i - 1][j]) / (dx * dx) + (Pold[i][j + 1] +
Pold[i][j - 1]) / (dy * dy) - ((uhalf[i + 1][j] - uhalf[i][j]) / dx + (vhalf[i][j + 1] -
vhalf[i][j]) / dy) / dt) / (2 * (1.0 / (dx * dx) + (1.0 / (dy * dy)))); …}}}
Illustration and descriptions of numerical results.
All graphs represented by program tecplot .There are in the picture 1.1, 1.2
illustration of the flow in the direction of the vector
𝑢⃗
and
𝑣
.Re=10. u=1m/s.
The flow is calm and without any vertices.
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a)
b)
c)
Picture 3. Flow a) in the direction of the vector
𝑢
⃗
b)in the direction of the vector
𝑣
c)pressure
when Re= 10.
There are illustration of the flow in the direction of the vector
𝑢⃗
and
𝑣
. Re=50.
u=1m/s. Flow pressure. Re= 50. When Reynolds become 50 some vertices appear in
the graph.Of the central side of graph shown vertices, which means that air remain
there and how is affect the buildings.
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a)
b)
c)
Picture 3. Flow a) in the direction of the vector
𝑢
⃗
b)in the direction of the vector
𝑣
c)pressure when Re= 50.
Analysis of the results.
From the drawing, we can see the flow of air in two-
dimensional space. The entrance is made from the lower part of the left side. And the
exit is on the upper right side. We also see the flow of bodies with air flows. At a
speed equal to u=1, we see a smooth flow of air around the building. You can also see
the pressure causing on the walls of the building. When air flows through buildings,
you can see an uneven distribution of air flow velocity. The distribution of velocity
components u and v occurs in different directions. With Reynolds equal to 10, there
is a smooth flow of air flow. With Reynolds equal to 50, we see the formation of
vortices.
Conclusion.
This task took about 6 hours of real time. From the drawing, we
can see the directions of the velocity components.First, we calculate the velocity
components with stars without using pressure.Then we calculate the pressure using
velocity components with stars. And in the last step, we calculate speeds using
pressure and other components.We took the values of the Reynolds number to be 10
and 50, and Epsilon to be 10^(-5). The pressure always increased with a stable
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difference.In this case, we use the two-dimensional Navier-Stokes equation to
forecast the behavior of air flow.
The Navier-Stokes equations are widely used for modeling various natural
phenomena. Simulation of gases, air, fire and smoke, liquids and even in video games
to describe the effects.
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