ISSN 1607-2774
Вестник Государственного университета имени Шакарима города Семей № 4(92) 2020
73
Microbiological indicators in meat products are regulated by GOST 10444.15-94, GOST
31474-2012, GOST 31659-2012, GOST 28560-90, GOST 31746-2012, GOST 32031-2012.
Meat and meat products are the most common food items in the diet of the population of
the Republic of Kazakhstan. However, traditional meat products do not provide sufficient intake of
minerals such as calcium, magnesium, and iron. The ratio of calcium to phosphorus in meat
products is not balanced, which leads to poor absorption of calcium [4].
Meat and bone paste from the rib and vertebral bones of cattle was obtained at the
Shakarim University’s educational departments "Technology of food and processing industries"
and "Technological machines and equipment".
Meat and bone paste is obtained on the basis of the
technology described in the
dissertation of Yessimbekov Zh.S. "Development of technology for combined meat products for
functional purposes based on meat and bone raw materials" [1]
The scheme of grinding meat and bone raw materials is shown in figure 1.
Figure 1 – Technological scheme for obtaining meat and bone raw materials
A physical and chemical analysis of meat and bone paste was carried out on the basis of
JSC "National Center for Expertise and Certification". According to the results of the analysis, the
protein content in meat and bone paste from vertebral bones (12.1 g/100 g) is higher than from rib
bones (10.1 g/100 g), while the energy value is higher in rib bones (103.2 g/100 g). Mass fraction
of moisture content 75.8% and 76.7% in vertebral and costal bones, respectively (table 1). Thus,
the recipe for pate uses meat and bone paste from vertebral bones (table 2).
Table 1 – Physical and chemical analysis of meat and bone paste
№
Name of indicators, units of
measurement
Results of
research on meat and
meat paste (vertebral bones)
Results of research on meat and
meat paste (rib bones)
1
Protein, g/100 g
12,1
10,1
2
Fats, g/100 g
5,3
6,7
3
Carbohydrates, g/100 g
0,4
0,5
4
Energy value, kcal/100 g
53,6
103,2
5
Mass fraction of moisture content,
% no more than
75,8
76,7
Pate is a meat product made from heat – treated ingredients that have a smearing
consistency. The recipe for a classic pate includes liver, offal, meat, animal or vegetable fats,
pepper, spices and salt [3].
The pate recipe was developed in accordance with GOST 12319-77 with the addition of
meat and bone paste from vertebral bones in an amount of 15% to the total content of ingredients
(Diagram 1).
Diagram 1 – Recipe for pate with the addition of meat and bone paste
ISSN 1607-2774
Семей қаласының Шәкәрім атындағы мемлекеттік университетінің хабаршысы № 4(92)2020
74
The recipe and technology of liver pate with the addition of meat and bone paste, the
mineral composition of which is Ca:P is close to the recommended standard (1:1.1).
According to the results
of organoleptic analysis, pate with the addition of meat and bone paste
meets the requirements of GOST 8756.1-2017, has a pate-like, homogeneous consistency
throughout the mass (table 2).
Table 2 – Organoleptic analysis beef liver pate with meat and bone paste
№
Name of indicators
Research result
1
Appearance
Homogeneous finely
ground mass
2
Color
Light brown
3
Smell and taste
Characteristic of liver pate with the aroma of spices, without foreign smell and taste
4
Consistency
Pate-like, uniform throughout the mass. Meat without bones, cartilage, tendons,
coarse connective tissue, crustal blood vessels, lymph nodes and nerve nodes. The
presence of skins is not detected
Table 3 – Physical and chemical
analysis
№
Name of indicators,
units of measurement
Research result
1
Protein, g/100 g
18,4
2
Fats, g/100 g
8,9
3
Carbohydrates, g/100 g
5,7
4
Energy value, kcal/100 g
175,4
Hygienic standards for microbiological indicators include control of four groups of
microorganisms: sanitary-indicative, which include the number of mesophilic aerobic and
facultative anaerobic microorganisms and E. coli group bacteria (coliforms); opportunistic
microorganisms (E. coli, S. aureus, bacteria of the genus Proteus, B. cereus and sulfite − reducing
Clostridium); pathogenic microorganisms, including Salmonella, Listeria monocytogenes; spoilage
microorganisms-mainly yeast and mold.
The resulting pate meets hygiene standards. According to the conducted microbiological
studies, no pathogenic microflora was found in the pate (table 4).
Table 4 – Microbiological analysis
№
Microbiological indicators
Normalized indicator
Research result
1
Number of mesophilic aerobic and
facultative anaerobic microorganisms
colony-forming units/g no more
No more than 1*103 CFU/g
Less than 1*102 CFU/g
2
E. coli group bacteria
Not allowed in 1.0 g
Not detected in 1.0 g
3
Pathogenic microorganisms including
Salmonella
Not allowed in 25 g
Not found in 25 g
4
Sulfite-reducing clostridia
Not allowed in 1.0 g
Not detected in 1.0 g
5
S. aureus
Not allowed in 1.0 g
Not detected in 1.0 g
6
L. monocytogenes
Not allowed in 25 g
Not found in 25 g
Thus, the pate with the addition of meat and bone paste
meets the technological and
microbiological requirements, has a balanced mineral content and has a pate-like consistency that
is uniform throughout the mass.
References
1 Есимбеков Ж.С. Разработка технологии комбинированных мясных продуктов функционального
назначения на основе мясокостного сырья: дис. .. ст. док. фил. (PhD): 6D072700. – Семей, 2016. – 166
с.
2 Какимов А.К., Майоров А.А., Какимова Ж.Х., Муратбаев А.М., Байкадамова А.М. Безопасность и
качество молочных и мясных продуктов: монорафия / Барнаул: АЗБУКА, 2019. − 208 с.
3 Какимов А.К., Суйчинов А.К., Есимбеков Ж.С., Кабдылжар А.М., Байкадамова А.М. Обзор технологий
мясных продуктов мажущейся консистенции функциональной направленности: Аналитический обзор /
Алматы, − 2019.-49 с.
4 Суйчинов А.К. Разработка рецептуры и технологии мясных паштетов для профилактики дефицита
минеральных веществ: дис. .. ст. док.фил. (PhD): 6D072700 / ГУ им. Шакарима. – Семей, 2018. – 147 с.
ЕТ ЖӘНЕ СҮЙЕК ПАСТАСЫН ҚОЛДАНА ОТЫРЫП, ПАСТАНЫ ӨНДІРУ ТЕХНОЛОГИЯСЫ
ЖӘНЕ
ОНЫҢ ТАҒАМДЫҚ ҚАУІПСІЗДІГІ
А.К. Какимов, А.А. Майоров, А.М. Байкадамова, Б.К. Кабдылжар
Достарыңызбен бөлісу: