Модальный глагол Must имеет общее значение долженствования и употребляется для выражения необходимости совершения действия в силу определенных обстоятельств, а также для выражения приказания или совета.
Формы модального глагола Must:
Настоящее время
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I must (must not, mustn't)
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We must (must not, mustn't)
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You must (must not, mustn't)
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You must (must not, mustn't)
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He/She/It must (must not, mustn't)
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They must (must not, mustn't)
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Так как у модального глагола Must нет формы будущего и прошедшего времени, то в таких ситуациях вместо него используется модальный глагол Have to:
You will have to be in the theater by 7 o’clock if you don’t want to be late.
Если не хочешь опоздать, ты должен быть в театре к семи.
Упражнение на закрепление
Переведите на русский язык
. Don't worry! This is not important. - Not important! You must be joking! 2. He never comes to work late! He must have overslept today. 3. You must not argue with the boss. 4. She must stop eating much and she must lose weight. 5. You must stop smoking ! If you don't, you're going to have serious problems with your lungs some day. 6. You must work hard at your English. 7. You must learn the words. 8. Must we learn the poem today? 9. It must be very difficult to learn Chinese. 10. You must not talk at the lessons. 11. Everybody must come to school in time. 12. Don't ring him up: he must be very busy. 13. You must not make notes in the books. 14. I must help my mother today.
Тема Whooping cough
Упражнения на закрепление грамматики
Упражнение 1
Переведите на английский язык, употребляя модальный глагол must.
1. Он, должно быть, очень устал. 2. У них даже есть яхта. Они, должно быть, очень богаты. 3. Ты должен уехать завтра утром? 4. Вы не должны опаздывать.>5. Я не должен забывать о своей матери. Я не писал ей целую вечность. Сегодня вечером я должен написать ей письмо. 6. Эта книга очень ценная. Вы не должны ее терять. 7. Неужели вам надо уже уходить? 8. Я должен признать, что я неправ. 9. Я должна упорно работать над своим английским. 10. Вы должны внимательно слушать учителя на уроке. 11. Ты должен делать уроки каждый день. 12. Вы не должны забывать о своих обязанностях. 13. Вы должны быть осторожны на улице. 14. Она должна быть дома сейчас. 15. Мои друзья, должно быть, в парке. 16. Вы, должно быть, очень голодны. 17. Должно быть, трудно решать такие задачи. 18. Я должен сегодня повидать моего друга.
Упражнение 2
Переведите на русский язык
1. You must work hard at your English. 2. You must learn the words. 3. Must we learn the poem today? 4. It must be very difficult to learn Chinese. 5. You must not talk at the lessons. 6. Everybody must come to school in time. 7. Don’t ring him up: he must be very busy. 8. You must not make notes in the books. 9. I must help my mother today. 10. Don’t worry! This is not important. – Not important! You must be joking!
Whooping cough
Catarrhal stage slight fever
It is often met vomiting
Immunity exhausted
Sneezing complication
Feel much better open air
Тема Influenza
1 Скажите по – английски: рвота во время кашля, приступ кашля, играть на свежем воздухе, быть истощенным, чувствовать себя гораздо лучше, чихание, иммунитет на всю жизнь, простуда с насморком и кашлем
2 Продолжить предложения
It is very infectious during …
The disease begins as ….
With older children the attacks are often …
They must play in the open air …
Influenza
Перевести на английский : Грипп – очень коварное заболевание. Ежегодно оно прокатывается по всей планете виде эпидемии, нанося огромный экономический ущерб. Грипп опасен своими осложнениями, в результате которых до сих пор умирают люди. Сотни фармацевтических компаний не одно десятилетие ищут действенное лекарство от гриппа. Но пока его нет, это задача для молодых ученых и фармакологов.
Задание: подчеркните в предложениях сказуемое и укажите тип глаголов в них.
1) I do not know this lesson.
2) He is a student.
3) I can help you.
4) He speaks 3 foreign languages.
5) I must do it immediately.
6) I can read books in the original.
7) He is my first teacher.
8) You really should start eating better.
9) They returned from their holidays yesterday.
10) She is reading my new book now.
11) She looks fine.
12) He should be more attentive
13) We will go there next summer.
14) The car was red.
15) You needn’t buy bread.
Тема Chicken pox
Перескажите:
Never shake hands when you have a cold. Colds pass through the hands. But don’t say” I can’t shake hands. I have a cold”. Let it be if you forgot to shake hands. But you must be very polite in speech
Задайте вопросы к предложениям: Influenza is a very contagious disease
The symptoms of influenza are high temperature, headache, general pains.
The patient must stay in bed.
After influenza the patient feel week.
Запишите в словарь
Chicken pox restless
Newborn alcohol solution
In spots brilliant green
To turn quarantine
Blister cut nails
Scalp slight temperature
Itch several times
Прочитайте и переведите текст
Chicken pox
Chicken-pox is an infectious disease. Children of all ages can fall ill with chicken pox. Chicken pox is not dangerous for healthy children. The disease begins with slight fever and a rash. The rash appears in spots. After several hours the spots turn into small water blisters. The rash covers all parts of the body, even the scalp. The blisters may itch and that makes the child very restless. Put a 2 per cent alcohol solution of brilliant green on the blisters and it will relieve the itching. Chicken pox patients must be put in quarantine.
Ответьте на вопросы
Is chicken pox an acute disease?
Do children of all ages fall ill with pneumonia?
How does chicken pox begin?
Do the blisters itch?
What appears on the skin?
How we can relieve itching?
Must patients be put in quarantine?
How long must be quarantine?
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В английском языке есть множество примеров использования модальных глаголов в национальных поговорках. Здесь Вы найдёте некоторые из них:
Hares may pull dead lions by the beard. - Зайцы могут дёргать умершего льва за бороду./ Околевший пес не укусит.
No living man all things can. - Ни один человек не может всё./ Нельзя объять необъятное.
Bird may be known by its song. - Птичку можно узнать по тому как она поёт.
As the tree falls, so shall it lie. - Как дерево упадёт, там ему и лежать./ Куда дерево клонилось, туда и повалилось.
As you brew, so must you drink. - Что заварил, то и расхлёбывай.
Things past cannot be recalled. - Прошлое нельзя вернуть.
Drowning man will catch at a straw. - Утопающий и за соломинку цепляется.
Needs must when the devil drives. - Приходится, когда дьявол подгоняет./ Против необходимости ничего не поделать.
Тема Poliomyelitis
Дополните диалог:
Doctor…?
Mother: Yesterday in the morning.
D: ….
Mother No, he didn’t complain of sore throat.
D: …?
M: Yes, there were some cases of chicken pox in his class.
D: …?
M: No. I haven’t. I shall buy brilliant green at the chemist’s.
Прочитайте и переведите текст
Poliomyelitis
The main symptoms of the disease are slight fever, general discomfort, headache, stiff neck, stiff back. It may result in paralysis of any part of body. The cause of poliomyelitis is virus. The incubation period of the disease is 7-21 days. The most susceptible patients are the children from 9 months to 5 years. The child should be isolated from onset of the disease till fever subsides. We can prevent poliomyelitis with oral polio vaccine.
Повторение грамматики - Образуйте притяжательный падеж.
The novel/ Dickens = Dickens′ novels
1. the camera/Tom -
2. the eyes/the cat-
3. the top/the page-
4. the daughter/Charles-
5. the newspaper/today-
6. the toys/the children-
7. the name/your wife-
8. the name/this street-
9. the name/the man I saw yesterday-
10. the new manager/the company-
11. the result/the football match -
12. the car/Mike parents-
13. the garden/our neighbors-
14. the children/Don and Mary-
Тема Систематизация и обобщение знаний по разделу «Infectious diseases»
Найти соответствия
Catarrhal stage истощенный
It is often met чувствовать себя лучше
Sneezing рвота
Feel much better чихание
Slight fever катаральная стадия
Exhausted часто встречается
vomiting невысокая температура
Составление дифтаблицы
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chicken pox
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scarlet fever
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measles
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beginning
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type of rash
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typical symptoms
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treatment
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complications
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preventing
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Работа над грамматикой
Тема: Предлоги
Вставьте предлоги on, in или into.
Where is the book? - - It is ... the table. Where is the tea? — It is .. . the cup. Put the plates ... the table. Put the book ... the bag. There is a beautiful picture ... the wall..He went . .. the room. Mother is cooking dinner ... the kitchen. She went .. . the room and sat down ... the sofa.
Вставьте предлоги in или to.
_ winter I usually go _ bed at ten o'clock because I learn at school and have _ get up early. But _ summer, when I don't go _ school and live _ the country, I like_ go _ bed late. Do you like _ read _ bed? We did not want _ stay in town on such a hot day, so we went to the country. It is very late. Go _ bed at once. Where is your little sister? — She is _ bed.
Тема Immunity
1 Диалоги для чтения и инсценирования
1: You look rather pale, are you ill?
2: I hope not. But as a matter of fact, I have a headache.
1: Did you take a temperature?
2: I did not and I found out that I had a slight temperature.
1 : Let me have a look at your tongue and feel your pulse. Show me your tongue. It is coated, and your pulse is rapid and irregular. Besides, you have a sore throat.
2: I see, that’s why I am feeling unwell.
1: I think you have caught a bad flu. You’ better see a doctor.
1: I hear you’ve been ill.
2: Well, I had the flu for a couple of weeks, but I’m fine now.
1: You’re looking well. By the way, did you hear about Mr.Wilson?
2: No, what about her?
1: She has such a bad case of the flu that they had to take her to the hospital.
2: Oh, I’m sorry to hear that.
Работа над грамматикой
Present Simple
Вставьте правильный глагол
My mother …a bad headache ( have, has)
We … shopping on Saturday morning (go, goes)
It … interesting (sound, sounds)
This nurse … her work carefully (do, does)
Mary … English at the medical college (teach, teaches)
Her teeth … white and healthy. (is, are)
He often … my other classmates (meet, meets)
Сделайте предложения вопросительными
A good dentist can extract teeth painlessly. (Who …
The nurse must be very careful with bed patients. (Must …
The infectious diseases can pass through the mouth and nose. (How can…
Some poisons can cause asphyxia. ( What …
Новая грамматическая тема
Инфинитив
Вставьте частицу to перед инфинитивом, где необходимо.
I like … dance. 2. I’d like … dance. 3. I shall do all I can … help you. 4. She made me … repeat my words several times. 5. I saw him … enter the room. 6. She did not let her mother … go away. 7. Do you like … listen to good music? 8. Would you like … listen to good music? 9. That funny scene made me … laugh. 10. I like … play the guitar. 11. My brother can … speak French. 12. We had … put on our overcoats because it was cold. 13. They wanеted … cross the river.
Прочитайте текст
Immunity
In biology, immunity is the state of having sufficient biological defences to avoid infection, disease, or other unwanted biological invasion. It is the capability of the body to resist harmful microbes from entering it. Immunity involves both specific and non-specific components. The non-specific components act either as barriers or as eliminators of wide range of pathogens irrespective of antigenic specificity. Other components of the immune system adapt themselves to each new disease encountered and are able to generate pathogen-specific immunity.
Расскажите об иммунитете, используя данную схему
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