participants and their connections [double connection])

46 
Basics of verbs that have inducing affixes (both transitive and transitive) can take 
secondary affixation of the passive. This results in the removal of the participants of the 
situation: 
Биздин жыйыныбыз радиодон билдирилди 
[bizdin jıyınıbız radıodon bildirildi]
 (бил 
+ дыр causative aff. + ыл passive aff. +ды past t. aff.) ‘Our meeting was reported on the radio.’ 
Basics of the verbs that have inducing affixes (both transitive and transitive) can 
consistently increase inducing affixes (no more than three, and some case four affixes) to the 
same verbal basis and thereby form verbs with even more advanced semantic relation at the level 
of the participants of the situation: they are used to express actions, not committed by a second, 
third and sometimes fourth person who is reached by the first person through the second and 
third person, for example, 
жаздырттыр- (жаз + дыр causative aff. + т causative aff. + дыр 
causative aff.) 
“force someone to force the third person and the third person forces the fourth one 
to write. At that verb forms also acquire the ability to be combined with the object in the dative, 
which is the actual performer of an action, indicated by the original foundation.
Accretion to the reflexive of the causation in the Kyrgyz language leads to the 
emergence of new participants of the causative situation: decausative situation becomes 
causative. Such causative can take a secondary affixation of the passive. This results in the 
removal of the participants of the situation: 
‘жыйыштырылды’/jıyıshtırıldı (жый + ыш 
reciprocal aff. + дыр causative aff + ыл passive + ды past t. aff)
“mutually were collected by a 
few people.” 
Taking into account these considerations, it is possible to discuss the grammatical 
status of voice in the Turkic languages. Since at the actual voice derivation the lexicographical 
interpretation of the lexical unit is preserved, then such a transformation can be considered as 
shaping a verb, like shaping the modes of verbal action, however it is located in the border area, 
as it may affect the denotative, word-formation and categorical grammar layers in language 
semantics.

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