Е. С. Закирова, П. А. Красавин Английский язык для технических вузов


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T A Karpova Anglysky dlya tekhnicheskikh vuzov (1)

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1) The Fields of Scientific Research
2) Different Groups of Sciences
3) The Connection between Science and Technology
4) The Importance of Science
5) What Is Science?
6) Technology
7) Methods of Scientific Research
SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
The word “science” comes from the Latin word “scientia” which means 
“knowledge”. Science covers the broad field of knowledge that deals with facts 
and relationships among these facts.
Scientists study a wide variety of subjects. Some scientists search for clues 
to the origin of the universe and examine the structure of the cells of plants and 
animals. Other researchers investigate why we act the way we do or try to solve 
complicated mathematical problems.
Scientists use systematic methods of study to make observations and col-
lect facts. They develop theories that help them order and unify facts. Scientif-
ic theories consist of general principles or laws that attempt to explain how and 
why something happens or has happened. A theory becomes a part of scientific 
knowledge if it has been tested experimentally and proved to be true.
Scientific study can be divided into three major groups: natural, social, 
and technical sciences. As scientific knowledge has grown and become more 
complicated, many new fields of science have appeared. At the same time, the 
boundaries between scientific fields have become less clear. Numerous areas 
of science overlap and it is often hard to tell where one science ends and other 
begins. All sciences are closely interconnected.
Science has great influence on our lives. It provides the basis of modern 
technology — the tools and machines that make our life and work easier. 


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The discoveries and inventions made by scientists also help shape our view 
about ourselves and our place in the universe.
Technology means the use of people’s inventions and discoveries to satisfy 
their needs. Since people appeared on the earth, they had to get food, clothes, 
and shelter. Through the ages, people invented tools, machines, and materials 
to make work easier. Nowadays, when people speak of technology, they gener-
ally mean industrial technology. Industrial technology began to develop about 
200 years ago with the invention of the steam engine, the growth of factories, 
and the mass production of goods. It influenced different aspects of people’s 
lives. The development of the car influenced the way people lived and worked. 
Radio and television changed their leisure time. The telephone revolutionized 
communication.
Science has contributed much to modern technology. Science attempts 
to explain how and why things happen. Technology makes things happen. But 
not all technology is based on science. For example, people had made differ-
ent objects from iron for centuries before they learnt the structure of the metal. 
But some modern technologies, such as nuclear power production and space 
travel, depend heavily on science.


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