Е. С. Закирова, П. А. Красавин Английский язык для технических вузов


READING Exercise 10. Read the text, try to focus on its essential facts and choose the most



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READING
Exercise 10. Read the text, try to focus on its essential facts and choose the most 
suitable heading given below for each paragraph.
1) Mechanical Engineering Developments
2) Mechanical Engineering as a Branch of Engineering
3) The Definition of Engineering
4) Branches of Engineering
Engineering is
 “the creative application of scientific principles to design or 
develop structures, machines, apparatus, or manufacturing processes, or works 
utilizing them singly or in combination; or to construct or operate the same with 
full cognizance of their design; or to forecast their behavior under specific op-
erating conditions; all as respects an intended function, economics of operation 
or safety to life and property. One who practices engineering is called an engi-
neer, and those licensed to do so may have more formal designations such as 
Professional Engineer, Chartered Engineer. The broad discipline of engineering 
encompasses a range of more specialized subdisciplines, each with a more specif-
ic emphasis on certain fields of application and particular areas of technology”.
The American Engineers’ Council for Professional Development (ECPD), 
the predecessor of ABET (Accreditation Board for Engineering and Tech-
nology).
Engineering has the following branches: chemical engineering (cover-
ing areas from biotechnology and nanotechnology to mineral processing), 
electrical engineering, civil engineering, mechanical engineering. Beyond 
these four, historically, naval engineering and mining engineering claim on 
being major branches as well as aerospace, petroleum, biosystems, biomedi-
cal, industrial, and nuclear engineering. New fields are combined with the 
traditional fields and then form new branches, for example, Earth Systems 
Engineering and Management that involve such subject areas as anthropol-
ogy, engineering, environment science, ethics, and philosophy. In each new 


74
field, considerable overlap takes place, especially in the areas of application 
of science to such disciplines as physics, chemistry, and mathematics.
Within our interests lies mechanical engineering. Mechanical engineer-
ing
is known as a branch of engineering that tries to apply the core concepts 
of physics, mechanics, kinematics, thermodynamics, materials science, struc-
tural analysis, materials science to the analysis, design, manufacture, and 
maintenance of mechanical systems. It is a well-known fact that mechanical 
engineering involves production and usage of heat and mechanical power for 
design, production, and operation of machines and tools. To use these core 
concepts along with different tools, mechanical engineers use both computer-
aided engineering and product lifecycle management to design and analyze 
manufacturing plants. They use them in industrial equipment and machinery, 
heating and cooling systems, transport systems, aircraft, watercraft, robotics, 
medical devices, etc.
Mechanical engineering emerged as a field during the industrial revolu-
tion in Europe in the 18th century. As for mechanical engineering science, 
it emerged in the 19th century as a result of developments in the field of phys-
ics. Mechanical engineering has managed to incorporate advancements 
in technology. As a result, today mechanical engineers pursue developments 
in such fields as composites, mechatronics, and nanotechnology. Mechanical 
engineering manages to overlap with aerospace engineering, civil engineer-
ing, electrical engineering, petroleum engineering, and chemical engineering 
to various extents. Mechanical engineers’ tasks are to research, design, devel-
op, manufacture and to test tools, engines, machines, and other mechanical 
devices. They proceed to be working on both power-producing machines such 
as electric generators, internal combustion engines, steam and gas turbines and 
on power-using machines such as refrigeration and air-conditioning equip-
ment, machine tools, material handling systems, elevators and escalators, in-
dustrial production equipment, and robots used in manufacturing. Mechani-
cal engineers also seek to design tools that other engineers need for their work. 


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