Дайте відповіді на наступні питання: How does nephrolithiasis develop?
When doe renal colic occur?
How are stones carried in the kidneys?
Where doe excruciating pain originate during nephrolithiasis?
What symptoms may appear during nephrolithiasis?
Розкрийте поняття: нефролітіаз
Test 1. The manifestation of renal calculi are ... .
a) rare b) frequent c) constant d) variable e) unchangeable
2. In many instances stones are carried in the kidneys for...
a) hours b) days c) years d) weeks e) several minutes
3. More commonly, a mild infection develops in the pelvis about the stone and involves ... of the kidney.
a) nephron b) body c) cortex d) artery e) medulla
4. The infection may progress to ... .
a) cancer b) pyonephrosis c) nephritis d) pyelonephritis
e) glomerulonephritis
5. Calcium oxalate stones usually are ... .
a) small and hard b) large and soft c) irregular d) enormous e) tiny
6. Migration of a stone may cause ... with resultant stasis, infection and clinical manifestations.
a) destruction b) inflammation c) necrosis d) cyanosis; e) obstruction
7. When a stone enters and obstructs the ureter, ... occurs.
a) inflammation b) renal colic c) necrosis d) pain e) nephritis
8. Persistent or repeated obstruction leads to ... .
a) nephritis b) pyelonephritis c) glomeronephritis d) pyonephrosis e) acute inflammation
9. Examination reveals ... over the involved kidney and ureter.
a) acute pain b) severe inflammation c) slight soreness d) calculus
e) no pain
10. Anuria and uremia ensue if the obstruction is ... .
a) lateral b) bilateral c) partial d) complete; e) long-term
