English for medical students посібник з англійської мови
SHOCK Exercise 1. Topic Vocabulary
жүктеу/скачать 0,8 Mb.
|
пособие мед 2 (1) 2
- Бұл бет үшін навигация:
- Exercise 2. Form the words with the help of the prefix hyper-. Translate the pair of words into Ukrainian: Model
- Exercise 3. Form adjectives with the help of the suffix –ish. Translate the pair of words into Ukrainian: Model
- Exercise 4. Translate the word-combinations into Ukrainian
- Exercise 5. Read and translate the text: SHOCK
| SHOCK
Exercise 1. Topic Vocabulary:
Exercise 2. Form the words with the help of the prefix hyper-. Translate the pair of words into Ukrainian: Model: sensitivity – hypersensitivity чутливість – надмірна чутливість Activity, function, tension, ventilation, vitaminosis, secretion, keratosis, glycaemia, thyroidism, thermia (-thernia). Exercise 3. Form adjectives with the help of the suffix –ish. Translate the pair of words into Ukrainian: Model: blue – bluish (i.e. resembles blue, but not pure blue) синій – синюватий, синявий gray, yellow, white, green, tall, small, normal, mild, cold, new, boy, girl, child, woman, book. Exercise 4. Translate the word-combinations into Ukrainian: Insufficient blood flow, to require immediate treatment, a traumatic or frightening emotional event, shallow breathing, bluish lips and fingernails, intra-abdominal infections, to release toxins, allergic reaction to insect stings, congestive heart failure, spinal cord injury, to determine the cause, a poor prognosis, in minor cases, damage to vital organs, to worsen rapidly. Exercise 5. Read and translate the text: SHOCK Shock is a life-threatening medical condition as a result of insufficient blood flow throughout the body. Shock often accompanies severe injury or illness. Medical shock is a medical emergency, and it can lead to other conditions such as lack of oxygen in the body's tissues (hypoxia), heart attack (cardiac arrest) or organ damage. It requires immediate treatment as symptoms can worsen rapidly. Medical shock is different from emotional, or psychological, one as it can occur following a traumatic or frightening emotional event. The main symptom of shock is low blood pressure. Among other symptoms we may observe rapid, shallow breathing and rapid weak pulse; cold, clammy skin; dizziness and confusion; glassy eyes; anxiety or agitation; seizures; low or no urine output; bluish lips and fingernails; sweating; chest pain. There are five types of shock: septic, anaphylactic, cardiogenic, hypovolemic, neurogenic. Septic shock results from bacteria multiplying in the blood and releasing toxins. It can be caused by intra-abdominal infections (such as a rupture of appendix), pneumonia, or meningitis. Its treatment includes antibiotics and fluids. Anaphylactic shock occurs as a result of severe hypersensitivity or allergic reaction to insect stings, medicines or foods (nuts, berries, seafood). At the early stage, it can be treated with IV injection of adrenaline (epinephrine). Cardiogenic shock happens when the heart is damaged and unable to supply sufficient blood to the body any more. It can be the end result of a heart attack or congestive heart failure. Cardiogenic shock has a poor prognosis: only 1/3 of patients survive, as it is often difficult to treat and overcome. Hypovolemic shock is caused by severe blood and fluid loss because of traumatic injury. It is treated with fluids (saline) in minor cases, and blood transfusions in severe cases. Hypovolemic shock responds well to medical treatment if initiated early. Neurogenic shock is caused by spinal cord injury as a result of a traumatic accident or injury. This type of shock is the most difficult to treat as spinal cord damage is often irreversible. That’s why it has a very poor prognosis. Nevertheless, its treatment includes surgery, absolute immobilization and anti-inflammatory drugs. As far as we can see, treatment for each type of shock depends on the cause. Tests will help to determine it. However, as a rule, IV fluids and medications that raise blood pressure are administered. Shock is a medical emergency. If you suspect shock, especially after an injury, even if a person seems stable, get him to an emergency department immediately. Prompt treatment can save his life because the sooner shock is treated, the less is the damage to vital organs. жүктеу/скачать 0,8 Mb. Достарыңызбен бөлісу:
|