English for medical students посібник з англійської мови
GOITER Exercise 1. Topic Vocabulary
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пособие мед 2 (1) 2
- Бұл бет үшін навигация:
- Exercise 2. Translate the word combinations
- Exercise 3. Form the following new words and translate them: -y
- Exercise 5. Give English equivalents to the following words
- Exercise 6. Read and translate the text: GOITER
| GOITER
Exercise 1. Topic Vocabulary:
Exercise 2. Translate the word combinations: Noncancerous; thyroid gland; the most common cause; mountainous regions; iodine; mental; brain; salivary glands; a runny nose; table salt; production; diet; metabolism; taste; disorder; weakness; seafood; to detect; to regulate; condition; diffuse; nodule. Exercise 3. Form the following new words and translate them: -y: run, rain, sun, wind, fun, fog, bone, blood, health, sleep, taste, water, noise, dirt, ease. -ment: enlarge, impair, develop, achieve, treat, require, equip, move, establish, appoint, measure, excite, argue, state. -ism: cretin, giant, hyperthyroid, hypoinsulin, narcotic, embole, iodine, human, alcohol, fatal, hero, Darwin, evolution, modern, criticize; -ness: weak, deaf, dull, cold, ill, fresh, red, tired, restless, calm, kind, polite, cool, dry, dark. Exercise 4. Form the degrees of comparison of the following adjectives and adverbs: Little, warm, lately, frequent, high, clear, shy, bad, far, good, comfortable, great, much, big, rare, rich, fur, necessary, dangerous, little, cold, many, useful, easy. Exercise 5. Give English equivalents to the following words: Бідний, найкращий, менше, більше, більший, гірше, цікавий, далекий, найнебезпечніший, більш розповсюджений, найпоширеніший. Exercise 6. Read and translate the text: GOITER A goiter is a noncancerous enlargement of the thyroid gland in the front of the neck. The enlargement may be diffuse – involving most of the gland, or localized – limited to a particular area, as in a solitary (single) nodule. Many conditions can cause goiter, but the most common is a lack of sufficient iodine in the diet, which is usually a result of the soil in which food is grown being iodine-poor—a condition that occurs in many mountainous regions away from the sea. Iodine is required for the production of thyroid hormones, which regulate the body's metabolism. Other factors that may lead to the condition include certain medicines (e.g. lithium), infections, cigarette smoking, certain foods (e.g. soy, peanuts, broccoli and cabbage). Surveying communities for goiter is one of the best ways of detecting iodine deficiency, which, if not treated, can cause stillbirths, miscarriages, cretinism, mental impairments, deafness, and dwarfism. Physical examination involves feeling of a neck on swallowing. Swelling in the region of the thyroid may be felt. If goiter is very large there may be swelling in neck vein. Blood test is ordered to measure thyroid function. The main symptom of goiter is enlarged thyroid. The size may range from a small nodule to a large neck lump. In rare cases, an enlarged thyroid can put pressure on the trachea. This can lead to breathing difficulties, cough, hoarseness, swallowing difficulties. An excess too much, or a deficiency – too little of circulating hormones causes a wide range of medical conditions, for example hyperthyroidism and hypothyroidism. Where there is an excess of hormone, one form of treatment consists of giving the patient something which inhibits the production of hormone, as in the use of carbimazole to treat hyperthyroidism. When a hormone is deficient, treatment may be by replacement therapy, for example injections of insulin in the treatment of Type I diabetes. Iodine deficiency is the most common preventable cause of brain damage and mental retardation, affecting about 50 million people worldwide. However, these disorders have been reduced simply by using table salt fortified with iodine. Adults require at least 20 micrograms of iodine daily, but 150 micrograms is recommended. Seafood is excellent source, while the iodine content of other foods varies depending on animal feed and soil. Iodism (iodine poisoning) is a rare condition that results in weakness, swollen salivary glands, a metallic taste in the mouth, and a runny nose. жүктеу/скачать 0,8 Mb. Достарыңызбен бөлісу:
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