English for medical students посібник з англійської мови
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пособие мед 2 (1) 2
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- Exercise 2. a)Read the following word-combinations and translate them: Treatment
- Substance
- Exercise 4. Read and translate the text: CHOLECYSTITIS
| Cholecystitis
Exercise 1. Learn the new words:
Exercise 2. a)Read the following word-combinations and translate them: Treatment: emergency treatment, effective treatment, immediate treatment, inpatient treatment, long-term treatment Diagnosis: correct diagnosis; definite diagnosis; delayed diagnosis, initial diagnosis Inflammation: severe inflammation; painful inflammation; acute inflammation; to reduce inflammation; signs of inflammation Substance: dangerous substance; harmful substance; toxic substance; pure substance; soluble substance b) Make up short sentences using the above given word combinations: Exercise 3. Translate the following word-combinations: Obstruction of the cystic duct; accumulation of bile; swelling of the gallbladder; normal blood flow; insufficient oxygen; delayed diagnosis; morbidity and mortality; intense pain; umbilical area; tender and distended; cold perspiration; severe tenderness; irritation of the peritoneum; slight jaundice of sclerae; greasy, fatty, or fried foods; to result from the effect of toxic substances; several small incisions; surgical site infection Exercise 4. Read and translate the text: CHOLECYSTITIS Cholecystitis (Greek, -cholecyst, "gallbladder", combined with the suffix -itis, "inflammation") is inflammation of the gallbladder, which occurs most commonly due to gallstones (cholelithiasis). Blockage of the cystic duct with gallstones causes accumulation of bile in the gallbladder and increased pressure within the gallbladder. Concentrated bile, pressure, and sometimes bacterial infection irritate and damage the gallbladder wall, causing inflammation. Inflammation and swelling of the gallbladder can be reduced to areas of the gallbladder, which can lead to cell death. The main forms of cholecystitis are the following: catarrhal, purulent and gangrenous. Risk factors for cholelithiasis and cholecystitis are similar and include increasing age, female sex, pregnancy, certain medications, obesity, and rapid weight loss. Females are twice as likely to develop cholecystitis as males. Uncomplicated cholecystitis has an excellent prognosis; however, more than 25% of patients require surgery or develop complications. Complications of acute cholecystitis increases morbidity and mortality. The patient with cholecystitis is known to complain of intense pain, localized in the right hypochondrium and in the umbilical area The gallbladder may be tender and distended. During the attack of pain the face is moist with cold perspiration, the skin is pale, and the tongue and lips are dry. Even a slight palpation reveals severe tenderness due to irritation of the peritoneum. Approximately in 50% of cases there is slight jaundice of sclerae. The pain grows much worse when the patient is lying on his right side. It may also correlate with eating greasy, fatty, or fried foods. Diarrhea, vomiting, and nausea are common. The chemical blood analysis is known to reveal some changes; they result from the effect of toxic substances in the liver. For most patients diagnosed with acute cholecystitis, the definitive treatment is surgical removal of the gallbladder, cholecystectomy. Purulent form of cholecystitis is highly dangerous to life and requires an emergency operation. An even more severe course is observed in gangrenous cholecystitis. Recovery is achieved by surgical treatment, it being followed by prolonged antibiotic therapy and chemotherapy. Since the advent of laparoscopic surgery in the early 1990s, laparoscopic cholecystectomy has become the treatment of choice for acute cholecystitis. Laparoscopic cholecystectomy is performed using several small incisions located at various points across the abdomen. Several studies have demonstrated the superiority of laparoscopic cholecystectomy when compared to open cholecystectomy. Patient undergoing laparoscopic surgery report less incisional pain postoperatively as well as fewer long - term complications and less disability following the surgery. Additionally, laparoscopic surgery is associated with a lower rate of surgical site infection. жүктеу/скачать 0,8 Mb. Достарыңызбен бөлісу:
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