Клиническая медицина Медицина и экология, 2021, 3
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Journal3-21
| Клиническая медицина
Aktobe region is the leader of oil and gas production in Western Kazakhstan. The high rates of gas and oil production, the growth of their chemical processing have turned oil and gas ex- traction into powerful sources of environmental pollution, which poses a real threat to the health of the population, especially children, and contrib- utes to a delay in its physical development [1, 2]. The physical development of children and adolescents is the growth and formation of the child's body, including the rates, stages and criti- cal periods of its maturation, inherited character- istics, individual variability, maturity and connec- tion with factors of the internal and external envi- ronment [2, 3]. The indicators of physical devel- opment are anthropometric data, the rate of their change in the process of growth, harmony of de- velopment, the ratio of calendar and biological age, constitutional features [4, 5]. In recent dec- ades, there has been a tendency to a degradation of the indicators of physical development, espe- cially in oil and gas regions [6, 7]. As a result, pathological changes in the nervous system may develop, as well as in the musculoskeletal system. From the modern point of view, bone is a dynamic living tissue with high sensitivity to vari- ous regulatory mechanisms, as well as to endo- and exo-influences [8]. The process of precipita- tion and accumulation of minerals, i.e., minerali- zation of bone tissue, mostly depends on the structure and functional state of the bone matrix. The maximum increase in bone mass is observed in puberty, which more than doubles at the age of 10-17 years [9, 10]. Intensive growth in child- hood with simultaneous remodeling creates a very special position for bone tissue, in which it is especially sensitive to adverse environmental in- fluences. Decreased bone density, i.e. osteo- penia, makes bone structures vulnerable and can ultimately lead to a loss of more than 5% of bone mass, i.e. osteoporosis [11, 12]. Osteopenic syndrome (ICD code 10 M89.9) does not pose a threat to life, but it is dangerous with a quiet asymptomatic course, which does not manifest itself clinically until the onset of complications [13, 14]. It is character- ized by a progressive decrease in bone tissue mass and a decrease in its strength due to micro- architectonic disturbances, and is one of the most significant medical and social diseases [15]. It has now been proven that the origins of the develop- ment of osteopenia/osteoporosis are in childhood, especially in adolescence [6]. The prevalence of osteopenia/osteoporosis among children is char- acterized by a significant range of data from 5% to 59%, due to the lack of special diagnostic equipment [16, 17]. There is not enough infor- mation in the literature on the bone mineral den- sity in adolescents living in ecologically unfavora- ble conditions, including oil and gas producing жүктеу/скачать 3,93 Mb. Достарыңызбен бөлісу:
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